1 / 17

PRESENTATION

PRESENTATION. Subject: Mathematics Topic: Algebra Class: V Presented by: Shaheena Raja DA SKBZ College SKB - 229. INTRODUCTION.

berget
Download Presentation

PRESENTATION

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. PRESENTATION Subject: Mathematics Topic: Algebra Class: V Presented by: Shaheena Raja DA SKBZ College SKB - 229

  2. INTRODUCTION • Algebra is known as a gatekeeper subject. It is used by professionals ranging from electricians to architects to computer scientists. It is the gateway to success in the 21st century. • Students make transition from concrete arithmetic to the symbolic language of algebra. They develop abstract reasoning skills necessary to excel in math and science

  3. History of Algebra • The history of Algebra began in ancient Egypt and Babylon where people learned to solve linear equations (ax = b). The ancient knowledge of solution of equations in turn found a home early in the Islamic world where it was known as the science of restoration and balancing. (The Arabic words for restoration, al – jabru is the root of the word algebra.) In the 9th century, the Arab Mathematician Al - Khowarizmi wrote one of the first Arabic algebras, a systematic expose of the basic theory of equations with both examples and proofs.

  4. Origin of the word Algebra • The word algebra is a Latin variant of the Arabic word al – jabr. This came from the title of book Hidab – al – jabr wal – muqubala written in Baghdad about 825 AD by the Arab Mathematician Muhammad ibne Musa al – khowarizmi. • The words jabr (JAH– ber) and muqabalah (moo – KAH – ba – lah) were used by al – khowarizmi to designate two basic operations in solving equations. • Jabr is used in the step x – 2 = 12 becomes x = 14. The left side of the first equation where x is lessened by 2 is restored or completed back to x in the second equation.

  5. Contd. • Muqabalah takes us from x + y = y + 7 to x = 7 by cancelling or balancing the two sides of the equation.

  6. DEFINITIONS • Algebra: A branch of mathematics in which symbols usually letters of the alphabet, represent numbers or members of a specified set and are used to represent quantities and to express general relationships that hold for all members of the set. • Variables: They are defined as numbers that can change value or represent a missing value. • Expressions: An expression is a mathematical term or a sum or difference of mathematical term, that may use numbers, variables or both. Example 2, x, 3 + 7, 2 x y + 5, 2 + 6 x (4 – 2)

  7. Learning Objectives • To introduce algebraic notations and expressions. • To give idea that different letters represent different generalized numbers . • To do four operations involving algebraic notations. • To simplify the algebraic expressions.

  8. Long Term Objectives • Adopt 21st century teaching approaches. to enhance students appreciation of mathematics and to help students to develop abstract thinking so that they are able to apply it in algebraic expressions.

  9. Short Term Objectives • By the end of the topic ,the students will understand the use of letters to represent unknown numbers. • They will be able to write an expression for any given statement. • They will evaluate different expressions involving addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. • They will create a booklet in which they will write their own expressions and write story for those expressions.

  10. TIME LINE

  11. Methodology • In the following table letters are used to represent unknown numbers.

  12. Contd. • A housewife bought m kg of sugar. She used n kg of it. How much sugar did she have left? • ( m-n) kg • Umair had 3 packets of pencils. There were b pencils in each packet. How many pencils did Umair have altogether? • 3b pencils • Sana has 7 beads more than Zara. If Zara has d beads, how many beads does Sana have? • (d+7) beads • So m-n, 3b, d+7 are called expressions.

  13. Contd. • Make lot of practice so that students are able to write expressions for any given statement. • For addition and subtraction of expressions, only like terms can be added or subtracted. For example 3b+6b=9b but 3b+4c cannot be added because they are unlike terms. • For multiplication we break the terms and then simplify the numbers. For example 3x2k=3x2xk=6xk=6k • For expressions involving division explain the students to treat the letters like numbers and use their knowledge of fractions to do the simplification. For e.g.4t/2v=4xt/2xv=2t/v

  14. REMEMBER • x + x + x + x =4x 4x is a term and 4 is the coefficient of x. • 2m, 5m, 6m, are like terms since m represent the same object in each case. You can add like terms. You can subtract one term from another term like it. • 2m, 2o, and 5n are unlike terms, since m, n and o represent different objects. • The sum of two unlike terms, x and y, is x + y • The difference between x and y (if x > y) is x – y.

  15. Contd. • The product of x and y is xy. • 2p + 4q is an algebraic expression. • To add two expressions, like terms must be added together. For example, the sum of (2a + 3b) and (3b + 4a) is : 2a + 3b 4a + 3b 6a + 6b

  16. Contd. • To subtract one expressions from another, you must find the difference of like terms. For example, the difference between (4x + 5y) and (2y + 3x) is : 4x + 5y 3x + 2y - - 1x + 3y

  17. To multiply an expressions by a given number, each term must be separately multiplied by that number. For example, (3x + 2y) + (3x + 2y) = 2 x (3x + 2y) = 6x + 4y

More Related