1 / 34

Plant Anatomy and Physiology

Plant Anatomy and Physiology. Just the Concepts. Anatomical Features and Their Functions. Objectives. Describe the structures, types, and the function of seeds ; Describe the components, the types, and the functions of roots ;

benoit
Download Presentation

Plant Anatomy and Physiology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Plant Anatomy and Physiology Just the Concepts

  2. Anatomical Features and Their Functions

  3. Objectives • Describe the structures, types, and the function of seeds; • Describe the components, the types, and the functions of roots; • Describe the structures, types, and the functions of stems; • Describe the structures, types, and the functions of leaves; • Describe the major parts of a flower and their functions; • Describe the types and forms of flowers; and • Describe the structures, types, and the purpose of fruit.

  4. Plant Parts • Vegetative parts • Stems • Roots • Leaves • Reproductive • Flowers • Fruits • Seeds

  5. Seeds • Types of seeds • Monocot • These seeds have one cotyledon • Dicot • These seeds have two Cotyledons Bean Seed

  6. Seeds • Seed Structures • Seed Coat • Protects the fragile contents of the seed until germination conditions are met • Germination: When the seed sprouts • Embryo • Tiny plant that eventually grows into a mature plant • Cotyledons • Embryonic leaves that are the first to emerge from the soil surface • Food storage in dicots

  7. Seeds • Seed Structures • Epicotyl • Becomes stem • Plumule • Becomes leaves • Radicle • Becomes root • Endosperm • Food Storage in monocots

  8. Seeds • What are seeds used for? • Protect genetic information of the new plant • Nourish it when it germinates • The seed coat protects a seed while it is transported • How can a seed be transported? • Air • Water • Animals • How?

  9. Roots • Types of roots • Fibrous root system • Many small roots spreading throughout the soil with no main root structure • Example: Grass, Petunia, Palm • Taproot system • One central root with many small branches spreading throughout the soil • Example: Carrot, Radish, Beet

  10. Roots • Parts of roots • Primary Root • First root to emerge from the seed • Secondary Root • Sometimes called lateral roots • Branch out through the soil • Root Cap • Cell division causing root growth is done here • Root Hairs • Smallest parts of the root • Absorb water that contains dissolved nutrients

  11. Roots • What does a root do? • Grows in the soil (or other media) • Two or three things • Provides anchorage • Absorb water and nutrients • Sometimes store food for the plant • In the form of sugars

  12. Stems • Stems can look very different depending on the species of plant • Can be vertical or horizontal • Some are modified for climbing • Some store water or food • Types of stems • Herbaceous stems • No stiffened ligneous structure • Generally frail • Example: Tulip, Grass, most annual plants • Ligneous stems • Contain rigid structures, usually known as wood • Very strong • Example: Trees, Shrubs, Bushes • Specialized Stems • Several different types • Modified to serve a specific purpose for the plant

  13. Stems • Specialized Stems • Bulb • Short flattened stem with several fleshy leaves • Grow beneath the soil • Produces a new plant each year • Corm • Spherical structure similar to a bulb • No layers • Dies each year but produces new corms for the following year • Rhizome • Underground stems that grow horizontally • New plants will sprout and emerge as this stem creeps under the soil surface • Stolon • Similar to the rhizome, but grows above ground • Can be called a runner • Tuber • It is the end of a rhizome that has swollen up with stored food • New plant will grow from the eyes of the tuber • Tendril • Slender structure used to attach to a support • Can be twisty, sticky, or hooky

  14. Stems • Parts of a stem • Internode • Section of stem between nodes • Node • Location on stem from which leaves and branches grow • Terminal bud • AKA – apical bud • Bud at the end of stem growth • Usually found on perennial plants • Axillary bud • Form at the node and produce a new stem • Xylem • Vascular tissue in the stem that moves water and dissolved nutrients from the root to the rest of the plant • Phloem • Vascular tissue in the stem that moves food that was made in the leaves to other parts of the plant • Xylem up – Phloem down

  15. Stems • What do stems do? • All stems • Provide support • Position the leaves • Responsible for size and shape of the plant • Transport water, nutrients, and food • Allow new growth • Some stems • Green stems produce food • Store food • Distribute growth

  16. Leaves • Parts of a Leaf

  17. Leaves • Parts of a Leaf • Stomata • Very important pores found on the underside of most leaves • Allow water and oxygen to escape and carbon dioxide to enter

  18. Leaves • Types of Leaves • Simple Leaf • Has only one blade on the petiole • Compound Leaf • A leaf with many blades

  19. Leaves • Types of Leaves • Vein Pattern • Parallel • Veins never cross, run parallel to midrib • Found in monocots • Pinnate • Veins branch off the midrib • Found in dicots • Palmate • Veins form a network, originate from common point at the base of the blade • Found in dicots

  20. Leaves • Leaf Arrangement • Three Types • Alternate • Leaves grow one at each node alternating one side of the branch or stem to the other • Opposite • Leaves grow two at each node on either side of the branch or stem • Whorled • Leaves grow several at each node rotating around the branch or stem

  21. Leaves • What do leaves do? • Photosynthesis! • They make food for the plant • Transpiration • Cool the plant • Some leaves store food • Leaf blade collects sunlight • Petiole supports the leaf and holds it away from the stem • Midrib provides structure to the leaf and transport food and water

  22. Parts of a Flower

  23. Parts of a Flower • Petals • Colorful leaf-like structures • Attract animals and insects • Peduncle • Stem of the flower • Provides support • Sepals • Green leaves that protect the flower before it opens • Calyx • All sepals fused together

  24. Parts of a Flower • Female: Pistil • Stigma • Sticky part of pistil • Receives pollen • Style • Rod that holds up stigma • Ovary • Contains the eggs • Ovule • Reproductive cell (eggs) that become seeds once fertilized

  25. Parts of a Flower • Male: Stamen • Filament • Stalk-like structure that holds up anther • Anther • Sack-like structure that holds pollen • Pollen • Contains reproductive cells

  26. Flowers • Types of Flowers • Sympetalous • Petals fused together • Polypetalous • Many individual petals • Actinomorphic • Symmetrical on many axis • Funnel or bell shaped • Zygomorphic • Bilateral symmetry – only one axis

  27. Flowers • Types of Flowers • Terminal • Grow from the end of a branch or stem • Axillary • Grow from the junctions of stems and leaves

  28. Flowers • Types of Flowers • Single Flower • Plant with a single flower growing at the tip of the stem • Cluster • Three or more flowers branched together • Inflorescence • Many flowers growing and blooming independently on one peduncle

  29. Flowers • Types of Flowers • Perfect flower • Contains male and female parts • Imperfect flower • Contains only male or only female parts, not both • Complete flower • Contain sepals, petals, pistil, and stamen • Incomplete flower • Missing either sepals, petals, pistil, or stamen Imperfect flowers are always incomplete Incomplete flowers are not always imperfect

  30. Fruits • Once fertilization occurs, the flower is no longer needed and dries up. The ovary of the flower becomes the fruit of the plant • Name some different fruits • How are these fruits different? • How are they the same?

  31. Fruits • Types of fruits • Fleshy fruit • Fibrous structure that surrounds the seed • Pome • Several seeds • Drupe • Single seed • Dry fruit • Formed in a pod or hull • Pod • Definite seam • Hull • No seam • Caryopsis • Thin wall • Samara • Wings attached

  32. Fruits • What do fruits do? • Seeds are produced in the fruit • Protects the seed • Provides a mode of transportation • Offers the seedling a bit of fertilizer • Directly and/or indirectly • Fruits are generally the most valuable part of a crop • Fruits must be sufficiently mature to guarantee viable seeds • Why is it important to the plant for seeds to be produced?

  33. Fruits • Does a producer (like a farmer) want their plants to produce seeds? • This is a trick question • Some plants are grown to produce as many seeds as possible • Like what? • Some plants are grown to not have seeds • Like what?

  34. Fruits • Fruit or Veggie? That is the question • Carrot • Apple • Peach • Celery • Cucumber • Tomato • Watermelon • Zucchini • Green Bean • Coconut • Pinto Bean Veggie Fruit Fruit Veggie Fruit Fruit Fruit Fruit Fruit Fruit Seed

More Related