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DEMOCRACY IN POLAND. How and when was democracy born?. Democracy was born in 507-508 B.C. First democracy was born in Athens under leadership of Cleisthenes. How many types of democracy are there?. There are 5 types of democracy: Participatory democracy Indirect democracy
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How and when was democracy born? • Democracy was born in 507-508 B.C. • First democracy was born in Athens under leadership of Cleisthenes.
How many types of democracy are there? There are 5 types of democracy: • Participatory democracy • Indirect democracy • Parliamentary democracy • Presidential democracy • Illiberal democracy
Participatory democracy • Involves more lay citizen participation in decision making and offers greater political representation than traditional representative democracy, e.g., wider control of proxies given to representatives by those who get directly involved and actually participate.
Parliamentary democracy • Democratic system of government where the executive branch of a parliamentary government is typically a cabinet, and headed by a prime minister who is considered the head of government.
Presidential democracy • Democratic system of government where a head of government is also head of state and leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch.
Illiberal democracy • Has weak or no limits on the power of the elected representatives to rule as they please.
Indirectdemocracy • or representative democracy, is when citizens elect representatives to make laws on their behalf. This is what most modern countries have today. • In many representative democracies (Canada, the USA, India, etc.) representatives are chosen in elections. Elections may be won by plurality or majority or some other way. In theory other methods, such as allotment (selection by a lottery) could be used instead. Also, representatives sometimes hold the power to select other representatives, presidents, or other officers of government (indirect representation).
Acts of respectinghumanrights • Everyone has the right to free religion and freedom of conscience. Each individual can choose the religion he wants to profess. • Constitutionprovides Polish citizens with the right to hygienic and safe working conditions. They also have the right to non-working days, which are recorded in the law and paid holidays once a year. • The right of trade unions is that they can organize various workers strikes and all other forms of protest set out in the Act.
Acts of disrespectinghumanrights • Imposing fees and taxes depending on your income. • The obligation of fidelity to the state resulting from the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, regardless of the policy it conducts. • Maintaining by the state secret structures and positions that are not subject to normal law (secret services, spies). • The possibility of restricting civil rights and freedom by a government decision.
Outline of democracyin Poland The beginning of Noblemen's democracy in Poland is the year 1454, in which noble councils on the strength of royal privileges obtained broad competencies in state-wide matters.
The Sejm was composed of the king and members of the chamber of envoyses and senate. There were 170 envoyses in the parliamentary chamber, that is, representatives of nobles elected in regional councils. The political system in which citizens could participate in the policy of the state guaranteeing religious freedom, the scope of royal power and creating the foundations of the 400-year relationship between the two countries of Poland and Lithuania, was created in Poland. This form of the state remained until 1795.
After the end of the First World War in 1918, a democratic system was introduced in most European countries. Also after Poland regained its independence, it adopted the Constitution guaranteeing parliamentary democracy.
Unfortunately, in 1939, the war breaks out, and after its end Poland gets into the circle of countries dependent on communist Russia and adopts a so-called system. People's Democracy, is centrally controlled by the organs of the Communist Party. Parliament functions and free Elections too, but there is no freedom of speech and political opposition.
It was not until 1980 that the Independent Self Governing Solidarity Trade Union came to the fore, led by the Nobel Peace Prize winner Lech Wałęsa, leading June 4, 1989 to free elections, as a result of which most members of the parliament receive membship of the political opposition stemming from solidarity.
Referendum in Poland in 2003 a nationwide referendum on the accession of Poland to the European Union and the ratification of the Athens Treaty, the so-called European or accession referendum. The turnout amounted to 58.85%, and 77.45% of voters voted for joining
OPINIONS OF LOCAL SOCIETY ABOUT DEMOCRACY AND RESPECTING OF HUMAN RIGHTS • In Poland democracy is something very important. Most of the people in Poland think that it's a good system. Older people still remember times of communism so they really appreciate democracy. I think that democracy is respected in our country. • Human rights are not always respected in Poland. People in our country aren't always tolerant. Some of them don't respect other cultures and they insult immigrants. Another example is not respecting the rights of workers. Employers often don't care about their employees.
I believe that many elements of the democratic state are violated, including the independence of courts and the freedom of speech. Recently, human rights have been increasingly violated and the government is trying to protect them ineffectively. • In my opinion, democracy is respected in Poland, but recent changes in Polish courts violate the principles of the Montesquie's separation of powers, which is the foundation of democracy. Human rights are respected and I have not seen them being violated.
What do you think about democracy in Poland? • Now Poles can choose the authorities themselves and speak on important matters through a referendum. They can speak out about important matters for the country. That’s why I think that democracy in Poland is well developed. Are human rights respected in Poland? • I believe that human rights are respected in Poland. The Constitution and a number of legal acts protect people well. • People in Poland feel well with democracy. But it's not always respected by authorities. Democracy in Poland is young so it doesn't always work well. People think democracy is a good system and they can’t imagine living without it.
OUR VISIT IN POZNAŃ HUMAN RIGHTS CENTRE On 18th April we visited Poznań Human Rights Centre which was founded in 1970s. This center conducts research in the field of human rights. The team that work in this center takes part in international projects, too. They try to prevent racism and discrimination. During the meeting we learnt about situation in Poland when it comes to respecting and infringing of human rights. They told us that everybody is equal and should have the same rights. Human rights are written in Polish Constitution. We are in European Union and it helps to respect our rights.
There is also Convention on the Rights of the Child so children’s rights are also protected. In Poland children’s rights are especially protected. Parents should provide children with basic needs such as physical protection, food and water, health care. Children have also got right to education, rest and the access to culture. In Poznań there is Youth City Council so young people can express their opinions. The workers of this center emphasized how important it is to take part in such activities. Human rights infringed in Poland: - the rights of workers, for example gender discrimination - the right to fair trial; trials in Poland take much time - the rights of prisoners – there are too many people in cells, they live in bad conditions There has been a problem with the independence of courts in Poland recently. People took part in demonstrations to show that they don’t agree with this fact.
