
What is Entomology? The study of insects (and their near relatives). What are insects (and near relatives)? Insects and their relatives are ARTHROPODS.
Review of Zoological Nomenclature (classifying & naming) Taxonomic Categories Phylum Class Order Family Genus Genus & species
Review of Zoological Nomenclature Taxonomic Categories Kingdom -Animalae Phylum -Arthropoda Class -Insecta Order -Coleoptera Family -Scarabaeidae Genus -Popillia Genus & species Popillia japonicaNewman
Characteristics of the Phylum Arthropoda • The segmented bodies are arranged into regions, called tagmata (e.g., head, thorax, abdomen). • The paired appendages (e.g., legs, antennae) are jointed. • They posses a chitinous exoskeletion that must be shed during growth. • They have bilateral symmetry. • The nervous system is dorsal (belly) and the circulatory system is open and ventral (back).
What are some other Animal Phyla? • Porifera & Cnidaria – sponges & corals. • Platyhelminthes - flatworms, tapeworms • Nematoda - roundworms • Mollusca - clams, snails & slugs, squids • Echinodermata - starfish, sea urchins • Annelida - segmented worms (earthworms) • Chordata - fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals
Arthropod Groups (taxa) The arthropods are divided into two large groups that exist today: Chelicerates and Mandibulates
Chelicerate Arthropod Characters: • Pincher-like mouthparts - chelicerae - and pedipalps • NO antennae • Two body regions, usually - cephalothorax & abdomen • Four pairs of legs • Horseshoe crabs and arachnids are only living groups
Mandibulate Arthropod Characters: • Mouthparts are mandibles - normally chewing sideways • One or two pairs of antennae • Various body region arrangements - cephalothorax & abdomen / head & trunk / head, thorax & abdomen • Variable leg numbers • Insects, crustaceans & myriapods
Orders of Arachnids • Scorpions • Pseudoscorpions • Daddy Long-Legs • Mites & Ticks • Spiders
Pseudoscorpion Tick (a mite) Scorpion Wolf Spider Daddy-long-legs
chelicerae eyes pedipalp
Mite and Tick Body Regions pedipalps & chelicerae cephalothorax abdomen
American dog tick male Blacklegged (deer) tick female
Clover mites Twospotted spider mites Predatory mite
daddy long-legs cephalothorax abdomen
Spider Anatomy pedipalp chelicera (fang) cephalothorax narrow waist abdomen
Abdomen Cephalothorax Chelicera (fang) Pedipalp Jumping Spider
Wolf spider with egg case Spitting spider Orb-weaving spider Tarantula
Black widow with egg case Brown recluse
Classes of Myriapods (many legged arthropods) (all have one pair of antennae, a head region, and trunk with many pairs of legs, use trachea) • Diplopoda - millipedes • Chilopoda - centipedes
Myriapods [one pair of antennae, head & trunk regions, trunk with many pairs of legs] Millipede (Diplopoda) Two pair of legs per visible segment, attached under body. Centipede (Chilopoda) Pair of fangs under head, one pair legs per visible segment - attached to side of body. No fangs, no eyes, legs attached to side of body.
Millipede (Diplopoda) Centipede (Chilopoda) Garden centipede
Classes of Crustacea • mostly marine, fresh water, a few terrestrial • all have two pair of antennae • five or more pairs of legs • segmented abdominal appendages • head & trunk or cephalothorax & abdomen body arrangement • have gills • Sowbugs or pillbugs • Sand fleas • Barnacles • Crabs, lobster, shrimp
Crayfish cephalothorax (Decapoda) Sowbug (Isopoda), a terrestrial crustacean