Sexually Transmitted Diseases

1. Sexually Transmitted Diseases HUMAN SEXUALITY

2. Sex Myths • http://sexetc.org/videos/std-myths-2/

3. STD Statistics • In 2013 – 1,401,906 cases of chlamydia • In 2013, 333,004 cases of gonorrhea • In 2013, 17,375 cases of syphilis • 360,000 people in the US get genital warts each year • 79 million Americans are infected with HPV • 1 in 6 people ages 14-49 have genital herpes • 1 in 4 carry the genital warts virus • 15% of all infertile American women are infertile because of pelvic inflammatory disease as the result of an untreated STD

4. Categories of STDs • Bacterial • Chlamydia • Gonorrhea • Syphilis • Viral • Herpes • HPV/Genital Warts • HIV/AIDS • Parasitic • Pubic Lice • Fungal • Yeast Infection

6. Chlamydia • Transmission • Vaginal, anal, or oral sex with an infected person • Can be passed to a baby during childbirth

7. Chlamydia - Symptoms • Women/Men • Abnormal discharge from penis/vagina • Burning sensation when urinating • May not have symptoms • Anal Sex: • Rectal pain • Discharge • Bleeding

8. Chlamydia • Cure? • YES • Treatment • Antibiotics • Do not have sex until you and your partner have completed treatment

9. Chlamydia • Effects if left untreated.. • Severe harm to reproductive organs • Sterility

10. Gonorrhea • Transmission • Vaginal, anal, or oral sex with an infected person • Can be passed to a baby during childbirth

11. Gonorrhea - Symptoms • Women/Men • Abnormal discharge from penis/vagina • Burning sensation when urinating • May not have symptoms • Anal • Discharge • Anal itching • Soreness/Bleeding • Painful bowel movements

12. Gonorrhea • Cure? • YES • Treatment • Antibiotics • Do not have sex until you and your partner have completed treatment

13. Gonorrhea • Effects if left untreated.. • Severe damage to reproductive organs • Sterility • Heart problems

14. Syphilis • Transmission • Vaginal, anal, or oral sex with an infected person • Can be passed to a baby during childbirth • Sores can be found on the penis, vagina, anus, in the rectum, on lips, and in the mouth

15. Stages/Symptoms • Primary – 9-90 days after exposure – sore called CHANCRE forms at the point of exposure – will go away on its own if untreated • Secondary – 2-4 months after infection a rash of sores form all over the body – will go away if untreated • Latent – no symptoms while bacteria invade all organs of the body • Tertiary – untreated syphilis may cause heart and brain damage

16. Syphilis • Cure? • YES • Treatment • Antibiotics • Will not undo any damage already done

17. Syphilis • Effects if left untreated.. • Heart disease • Brain damage • Blindness • Death

18. Genital Herpes – Type 2 • Transmission • Vaginal, anal, or oral sex with an infected person • Fluids found in a herpes sore carry the virus – contact with those fluids • Passed from infected pregnant mother • Infected from a sex partner who does not have a visible sore

19. Genital Herpes • Symptoms • None or very mild • Sores appear as one of more blisters on or around the genitals, rectum, or mouth • Blisters break and leave painful sores • During the outbreak – flu-like symptom • Repeated outbreak – shorter/less severe

20. Genital Herpes • Cure? • NO!! • Treatment • Medicines that can prevent or shorten outbreaks

21. Genital Herpes • Effects is left untreated.. • If you touch sores or the fluids, you can transfer herpes to another part of your body – ie: eyes • Still have sex? • Using condoms can lower risk of transmission but will not get rid of risk completely • Even if you do not have any symptoms, you can infect your sex partners

22. Oral Herpes – Type 1 • Transmission • Kissing or sharing drinks with someone with an open lesion • From mouth to the genitals during oral/genital contact • Symptoms • Blisters around the lips or mouth • Outbreaks may be triggered by sun, illness, etc

23. Oral Herpes – Type 1 • Treatment • Medications can speed healing time • Medication can prevent outbreaks

24. HPV • What is it? • Most common STD • Nearly all sexually active men and women get it at some point in their lives • Can cause genital warts and cancer • Transmission • Vaginal, anal, or oral sex • Mother to baby during pregnancy

25. HPV • Prevention? • GARDASIL shot protects against 4 types of HPV • 3 injections over 6 months • Women: protects against 2 types that cause about 75% of cervical cancer cases • Men: 2 types that cause about 90% of genital warts cases

26. Genital Warts • Diagnosis: • Pap smear can reveal the presence of HPV • Warts appear within 3 months of contact • Treatment: • Creams can be applied to slowly reduce them • Removed by freezing, burning, or getting them lasered • Cure? • NO!!

27. Pubic Lice • Transmission • Close body contact, including sexual activity and sharing towels • Symptoms • Itching or lice in hair • Pin-sized blood spots on underwear

28. Pubic Lice • Cure? • YES • Treatments • Apply over the counter shampoo over the entire area covered by hair • Comb through hair with a special comb to remove lice eggs • Clean all bedding, clothes, towels, etc

29. Pubic Lice • Effects if left untreated.. • Itching and discomfort • Prevention • Avoid contact with people who have lice

30. HIV/AIDS • Transmission • Through bodily fluids: blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk • Unprotected sexual behaviors – vaginal, anal, and oral sex • Sharing of IV drug needles • Mother to baby during pregnancy and birth

31. HIV/AIDS • Symptoms • May be HIV positive for many years before showing symptoms – virus can still be passed • Immune system breaks down and diseases will attack the body • Full blown AIDS is when the person’s T-cell count goes below 200 • Cure? • NO!! • Anti-viral drugs can slow down the break down of immune system

32. Reduce Risk of STDs by.. • Not have vaginal, anal, or oral sex • Being in a long-term monogamous relationship with a tested partner that has negative STD results • Using condoms the right way every time you have sex • Limiting # of sexual partners • Getting checked regularly