Early Industry and Inventions in the United States: A Journey Through the Industrial Revolution

1. Industry and Inventions 5W & H Using the provided reading, answer the following in complete sentences: 1. WHO first began “producing goods through new methods” in the early 1700’s? 2. WHAT is the name for the “historic change” from “farms to work in the mills” ? 3. WHEN did the Industrial Revolution come to the U.S. ? 4. WHERE did the Industrial Revolution first begin in the United States? 5. WHY was the Industrial Revolution so successful in the region it first came to? (Hint: There are 3 main reasons) 6. HOW were mill owners able to get people to leave their farms to work in the cities?

2. Industry and Inventions Compass Points • Needs- What needs did the U.S. have during the early 1800's that the Industrial Revolution filled? • Excitements- What groups were most likely excited about the economic changes brought on by the Industrial Revolution? • Stance- How did Madison's past political stance (asking Congress for a declaration of war) act as a cause of the Industrial Revolution? • Worries- What group had good reason to worry about the possible economic and environmental effects of the Industrial Revolution?

3. Early Industry and Inventions Manufacturing, Transportation, Communication, and Farming

4. Industrial Revolution • Industrial Revolution- a major change in the American economy due to the introduction of power-driven machinery during the late 18thcentury  Factory machines replaced hand tools  Manufacturing replaced farming as the main source of work • Before this, most manufacturing was done in the home  Cottage industry: Farm families produced what they needed • In the 1700’s, Britain jumped ahead of the U.S. in industrial production with the steam engine  Britain carefully guarded their secret • Turn and Talk- Why do you think they would do this?

5. Industry Begins in the U.S. • 1789- Samuel Slater came to the U.S. from Britain  Brought plans for a water powered textile mill • Progress was slow until the Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812  How did these events help increase manufacturing?

6. Factory System • Factory system- brought workers and machines together under one roof • Moved from an agricultural society to one focused on industrialization  Development of industry (processing raw materials to manufacture goods) on a large scale • This change was not always for the better  In what ways would industrialization be negative? Think of your city during the Urban Game…

7. • New England was a good place to set up factories  Had many fast-moving rivers  Ships and ports for quick transport of goods  Willing labor force

8. The Lowell Mills Hire Women • 1813: Francis Cabot Lowell built a factory in Massachusetts • Spun cotton into yarn and wove the cotton into cloth • “Lowell Girls” lived in boardinghouses supervised by older women  Strict rules  Forced church attendance • Worked over 12 hours a day in extremely loud factories

9. Interchangeable Parts • Interchangeable Parts- Identical parts that can be substituted in the manufacture or repair of a product  Invented by Eli Whitney  First created for muskets for the U.S. military • Factories began producing matching parts to many products  Sped up production, made repairs easier, and allowed the use of lower-paid, less skilled workers

10. The Cotton Gin • Eli Whitney also invented the cotton gin • The gin took the seeds out of the cotton, which was much faster than doing it by hand  From 1 to 50 lbs per day • Resulted in cotton as a viable cash crop  Increased the need for more land and slaves

11. Steamboat • Some inventions increased production (cotton gin, interchangeable parts) while others improved transportation and communication • 1807- Robert Fulton designed a steamboat that could move against the current and the wind  Clermont • Created more opportunities for trade and transportation on rivers

12. The Telegraph • 1837- invented by Samuel Morse • Sent long and short pulses of electricity along a wire • Took only seconds to communicate with another city • Both the steamboat and telegraph brought the people of the nation closer to each other