The Gregories in Church History

1. The Gregories in Church History St. Gregory the Armenian St. Gregory the Theologian St. Gregory the Wonderworker

2. St. Gregory the Armenian • Also called St. Gregory the Illuminator or enlightener. • born c. 257 AD - died c. 331 AD) • He is commemorated on the 19th day of the Coptic month of Tute.

3. 270 A.D. reigned Tiridates III of Armenia Tiridates proclaimed Christianity as the sole religion of Armenia because of St. Gregory the Armenian The nation by and large still followed Armenian pagan beliefs. During a pagan religious ceremony Tiridates III ordered Gregory to place a flower wreath at the foot of the statue of a goddess. Gregory refused, proclaiming his Christian faith. This act infuriated the king. Gregory was tortured and finally thrown in a a deep underground dungeon.

4. God was not done with Tiridates III of Armenia

5. His Relics • After his death his corpse was removed to the village of Thodanum (Tharotan). His remains were scattered far and near in the reign of Zeno. His head is believed to be now in Italy, his right hand at Echmiadzin, Armenia, and his left at the Holy See of Cilicia in Antelias, Lebanon.

6. Gregory the Theologian/Nazianzus/Nazianzen • 329 – January 25, 389 • 4th Centruy Archbishop of Constantinople • Wrote extensively on the Holy Trinity • Was a good friends with Basil the Great and Saint Gregory of Nyssa, as well as Peter of Sebaste who are considered the Cappadocian Fathers. • Recognized as a Church father (theologian) by Eastern Orthodox; and the Catholic Church. • “I am an instrument of God, a rational instrument, an instrument tuned and struck by that skilful artist, the Spirit."St. Gregory the Theologian from Oration XII

7. Trinitarian Theologian

8. St. Gregory the Theologian’s Early Life • He is from Nazianzus (in Greek Nazianzos) is a Roman Catholic city in the former Roman province of Cappadocia ( Asia Minor; modern Turkey). • Name Cappadocia is still used today in tourism to locate natural beauty.

9. More beauty from Cappadocia

10. Early Life cont. • His Parents (Gregory and Nona) were wealthy land owners • Father was ordained a bishop of Nazianzus in 328 or 329 after his conversion • St. Gregory studied Rhetoric and Philosophy in Nazianzus, Caesarea (where he became friends withSaint Basil of Caesarea (who wrote our liturgy) , Alexandria, and Athens and later taught it in Athens

11. In 361, Gregory returned to Nazianzus and was ordained a priest by his father, • St. Gregory was not very happy about that; as he wanted to go be a monk with his friends St. Basil • He resented his father’s decision and called it an “act of tyranny” so he ran away. St. Basil convinced him to return and help his father with the church community however.

12. Against the Arian Heresy • Arianism: • Teaching of Arius (c. AD 250-336), who lived and taught in Alexandria, in the early 4th century. • saying that Jesus was not one with the father, and that he was not fully, although almost, divine in nature. That Jesus was created; therefore less than God.

13. The Nicene Creed

14. Always loved the contemplative life • Following the deaths of his mother and father in 374, Gregory continued to administer the diocese of Nazianzus but refused to be named bishop. Donating most of his inheritance to the needy, he lived an austere existence.

15. St. Gregory the Theologian Lead the Second Ecumenical council of Constantinople • which was attended by 150 Eastern bishops. • Gregory Nazianzus was appointed Archbisohop of Constantinople but soon resigned from the position a few months later, and Nectarius was then put in his place.

16. Want to Know more about the Holy Trinity and the Nature of the Holy Spirit? • Read the many writings of St. Greagory Nazianzus (the theologian) • He is especially noted for his contributions to the field of pneumatology—that is, theology concerning the nature of the Holy Spirit

17. Consubstantiality-of the same being • the relationship between the Divine persons of the Christian Trinity and connotes that God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit are "of one Being" in that the Son is "born" or "begotten" "before all ages" or "eternally" of the Father's own Being, from which the Spirit also eternally "proceeds."

18. The end of his life • After the council of Constantinople, Gregory once again resumed his position as bishop of Nazianzus. He spent the next year combating the local Appolinarian heretics and struggling with periodic illness. He also began composing De Vita Sua, his autobiographical poem. • By the end of 383 he found his health too feeble to cope with episcopal duties. Gregory established Eulalius as bishop of Nazianzus and then withdrew into solitude. After enjoying five peaceful years in retirement at his family estate, he died January 25, 389.

19. Gregory the Wonderworker, also known as Gregory Thaumaturgus or Gregory of Neocaesarea, (ca. 213 – ca. 270 AD) • He came from a high-ranking pagan family at Neocaesarea in Pontos or what today is modern Turkey • Upon his father’s death St. Gregory the wonderworker (at the time, fourteen years old and called Theodore) and his brother Athenodorus (who was to be a bishop) wanted to go to Caesarea in Palestine to study law. • They got sidetracked when they ran into Origen’s school…and this is the beginning of how Theodore became Gregory.

20. The heresy of Paul of Samosata • According to St. Gregory of Nyssa (yes; yet another church father called Gregory; this one is the brother of St. Basil; the third Capadocian father) wrote that St. Mary appeared along with St. John the Evangelist to St. Gregory the Wonderworker

21. Wrote a profession of faith due to the apparition… • DECLARATION OF FAITH. • There is one God, the Father of the living Word, who is His subsistent Wisdom and Power and Eternal Image: perfect Begetter of the perfect Begotten, Father of the only-begotten Son. • There is one Lord, Only of the Only, God of God, Image and Likeness of Deity, Efficient Word, Wisdom comprehensive of the constitution of all things, and Power formative of the whole creation, true Son of true Father, Invisible of Invisible, and Incorruptible of Incorruptible, and Immortal of Immortal and Eternal of Eternal. • And there is One Holy Spirit, having His subsistence from God, and being made manifest by the Son, to wit to men: Image of the Son, Perfect Image of the Perfect; Life, the Cause of the living; Holy Fount; Sanctity, the Supplier, or Leader, of Sanctification; in whom is manifested God the Father, who is above all and in all, and God the Son, who is through all. • There is a perfect Trinity, in glory and eternity and sovereignty, neither divided nor estranged. Wherefore there is nothing either created or in servitude in the Trinity; nor anything superinduced, as if at some former period it was non-existent, and at some later period it was introduced. And thus neither was the Son ever wanting to the Father, nor the Spirit to the Son; but without variation and without change, the same Trinity abideth ever. • ++++++++++++++++++++++ • The St. Pachomius Orthodox Library, St. Dmitri of Rostov 1997

22. Becomes BISHOP OF NEOCAESAREA (A.D. 268) • Neocaesarea was rich and populous, deeply buried in vice and idolatry, • Why was he called the wonderworker?

23. Another of his wonders…

24. St. Gregory the New Theologian: Converted his whole city of Neocaesaria • From 17 Christians to 17 Pagans

25. November 17, 270 AD, St Gregory the wonder worker Departed • May his prayers be with us and Glory to God, now and forever, Amen • 2 Chronicles 6:41“Now therefore, Arise, O LORD God, to Your resting place, You and the ark of Your strength. Let Your priests, O LORD God, be clothed with salvation, And let Your saints rejoice in goodness.