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Barriers to Learning

Barriers to Learning. Systemic Societal Pedagogics Medical Disabilities. COMPILED BY: K KITSHOFF SCP: LSEN SCHOOLS. Systemic Barriers. Lack of basic and appropriate learning support materials Lack of assistive devices Inadequate facilities at schools Overcrowded classrooms

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Barriers to Learning

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  1. Barriers to Learning • Systemic • Societal • Pedagogics • Medical Disabilities COMPILED BY: K KITSHOFF SCP: LSEN SCHOOLS

  2. Systemic Barriers • Lack of basic and appropriate learning support materials • Lack of assistive devices • Inadequate facilities at schools • Overcrowded classrooms • Lack of mother tongue educators

  3. Societal Barriers • Severe Poverty • Late enrolment • Gangs/Violence in neighbourhoods • Natural disasters and Epidemics • Crime, abuse, teenage pregnancy • Gender issues • Attitudes

  4. NUTRITION SHELTER CLINICS EMOTIONAL STRESS POVERTY TRANSPORT WATER TOILETS ELECTRICITY

  5. Inappropriate Pedagogy • Insufficient support of educators • Inflexible Curriculum • Inappropriate and unfair assessment procedures

  6. CURRICULUM • Policy Implementation • Content of LP • Subject Choices • Class management and organisation

  7. Deaf - loss greater than 65 db Hard of Hearing - hearing loss between 35 and 65 db Prelingually deaf Postlingually deaf Unilateral/Bilateral Sensory Disabled - Hearing

  8. Blind - no vision, light perception, shape Low Vision - few centimeters away Visually Limited 20/70 to 20/200 Visual Acuity Visual Field Poor eye movements Colour perception Sensory Disabled - Vision

  9. DEAF-BLIND LEARNER Alternative Communication

  10. Cerebral Palsied (CP) • Damage to the brain - before, during or shortly after birth. (Central Nervous System) • Muscular system and co-ordination of limbs affected • Intellectual potential • Speech impediments

  11. Monoplegic - 1 limb Hemiplegic - same side of body - arm, leg and face. Arm more than the leg. Triplegic - 3 limbs. Mostly both legs and 1 arm. Quadruplegic - both arms and legs. Diplegic - both arms and legs, but legs much worse. Paraplegic - only legs, no harm to arms. Cerebral Palsied

  12. Cerebral Palsied • Spasticity: increased muscle tone - tight and overactive - jerky/slow • Athetosis: muscle tone fluctuates - limbs flailing/difficult to control • Ataxia: lack of coordination - poor control of balance and movement - poor depth perception/ position in space

  13. MEMORY STRATEGIES FOR LEARNING MOTOR ABILITY ATTENTION SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR PERCEPTION LEARNING DISABILITIES MATHS ORAL LANGUAGE READING WRITTEN LANGUAGE

  14. Vitality Mobility Varying Loss/Lack Syndrome Birth Medical diagnosis Medication Physically Disabled

  15. Skeletal Disorders • Dwarfism • Marfin Syndrome • Brittle Bone • Diseases: Poliomyelitis & Tuberculosis of the Bone Structure • Clubfoot • Absence of Limbs • Amputations • Contractions

  16. Muscular Weakness • Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy • Spinal Muscular Atrophy • Spina Bifida • Spinal Cord Injuries

  17. Chronically Sick Constant change in condition Pain discomfort medication Uncertainty about Outcome

  18. Chronic & Acute Health Problems HEART CONDITIONS TB RHEUMATIC FEVER ASTHMA HEMOPHILIA LEAD POISONING LEUKEMIA KIDNEY FAILURE DIABETES

  19. BURSTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGERGY ALTERED ELECTRICAL STATE LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS ELECTRICAL IMPULSE NORMAL SIGNS & SYMPTYMS GONE ALL FUNCTIONS NORMAL ANY AGE EPILEPSY NO APPARENT CAUSE SYMPTOM OF UNDERLYING PROBLEMS OUTGROW

  20. EPILEPSY

  21. Terminally Ill • Cancer • HIV-Aids • Cystic Fibrosis • Central Nervous System • TB • Hepatitis B • Protein Energy Malnutrition

  22. COGNITIVE DIVERSITIES Intellectually Severely Disabled Mild Moderate Profound Severe

  23. Characteristics & accompanyingbehaviour of gifted learners • Theoretical and abstract - ignores stressed data in assignments - works unneat • Independent, inventive - resists chosen assignments • Sensitive - withdraws, strong goal orientated and rejected by others • Alert and Eager - resents periods of classroom inactivity

  24. Gifted - Continued • Intuitive - Easily sees conclusions without displaying knowledge of sequential concepts • Daydreaming - concentrated periods of thinking - inattentive to teacher ‘s and other students’ comments and class discussions. • Aesthetically oriented - resists participation of active team sports

  25. Learner with BarriersBiggest problems: • Poor self concept • Negative attitude • Poor motivation

  26. BARRIERS TO LEARNING • For more Information: • Kobie Kitshoff • WCED: SCP LSEN Schools • kkitshof@pawc.wcape.gov.za • http://curriculum.wcape.school.za/barriers

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