Analysis of recorded sounds using Labview W. Rose 2013-09-01

1. Analysis of recorded sounds using Labview W. Rose 2013-09-01 Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology

2. Sound Recorder • Simple program supplied with Windows • Uses built-in or external microphone(s) • Records two audio channels at 44.1 kHz • Saves the sound in a .wma file • Channels have same amplitudes if there is only one microphone Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology

3. Sound Files • Sound (or audio) files contain • Header information (number of channels, sampling rate, bits per channel, etc.) • Signal amplitudes • Audio file formats • Uncompressed: *.wav, *.aiff, … • Lossless compression: *.wv, *.m4a, … • Lossy compression: *.mp3, *.wma, … • “Codec”=software to compress/decompress • Labview’s built-in sound VIs work on .wav files • Convert other formats (including sound track from video file) to .wav with a converter program or at media.io. Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology

4. Labview Built-in VIs for Sound Go to: Programming > Graphics and Sound > Sound Sound File Info.vi Sound File Read.vi Sound File Read Simple.vi Sound File Write.vi Sound File Write Simple.vi Acquire Sound.vi Play Sound File.vi Play Waveform.vi and many more Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology

5. Labview sound VIs Go to: [course homepage]\examples\sound soundfileinfo.vi plot_sound_file_amplitude.vi plot_sound_file_spectrum.vi more to come Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology

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8. Example: Determining frequency of vibration • Goal • Estimate vibration frequency of external tendon stimulator. • Exploratory Analysis • Record an electric razor under different conditions with Sound Recorder. Files were converted from *.wma to *.wav at media.io and clipped to obtain steady at segments at cut-mp3.com. • Listen to audio files at [course homepage]\examples\sound: • elec_razor1clip.wav (normal) • elec_razor2clip2to10.wav (loose screen) • elec_razor3clip4to10.wav (trimmer) Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology

9. Example: Determining frequency of vibration • Methods • Frequency was estimated with a musical tuner and with Labview. • Electronic musical tuner (Korg) was used during each condition to estimate pitch. Pitch was converted to frequency using A440 equal temperament tuning. Korg tuner does not specify octave, so frequency estimate is indeterminate up to a factor of 2n. • Pitch of razor was compared by ear to a well-tuned piano. • Frequency was estimated in Labview using plot_sound_file_spectrum.vi, which calls Sound File Read Simple.vi, Extract Single Tone Information.vi, Extract Multiple Tone Information.vi, and Auto Power Spectrum.vi. Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology

10. Example: Determining frequency of vibration Results for elec_razor1clip.wav (normal): Tuner: Frequency=131.6-132.4 Hz (or x0.5, x2, x4). Ear agrees. Labview: f(peak power)=120.0, also 1062, 929 Hz Spectrum has spike at 120 Hz; broad peaks at 398, 531, 663, 797, 929, 1062, 1195, 1327, 1460, 1593, 1727, 1860, 1992 i.e. harmonics 3-15 of 132.8 Hz, plus other peaks below 400 Hz. Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology

11. Example: Determining frequency of vibration Results for elec_razor2clip2to10.wav (loose cover): Tuner: Frequency= 134.3-135.1 Hz (or x0.5, x2, x4). Ear agrees. Labview: f(peak power)=120.0, also 819, 682, 956 Hz Spectrum has spike at 120 Hz; broad peaks at 294, 348, 682, 819, 955, 1092, 1228, 1365, 1502, 1638, 1774, 1910 i.e. at harmonics 5-14 of 136.4 Hz, plus other peaks below 400 Hz. Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology

12. Example: Determining frequency of vibration Results for elec_razor3clip4to10.wav (trimmer): Tuner: Frequency= 116.2-116.9 Hz (or x0.5, x2, x4). Ear agrees. Labview: f(peak power)=120.0, also 819, 936, 1402 Hz Spectrum has spike at 120 Hz; broad peaks at 351, 584, 702, 818, 935, 1052, 1168, 1286, 1403, 1519, 1637, 1754, 1870, 1988 Hz i.e. harmonics 3 and 5-17 of 116.9 Hz, plus other peaks below 400 Hz. Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology

13. Example: Determining frequency of vibration • Discussion • Pitch estimated by musical toner and pitch estimated by ear were in agreement. • Frequency estimated with Extract Single Tone Information.vi was 120 Hz in all cases, which did not match tuner and ear estimates. • 120 Hz electromagnetic pickup by computer microphone? • 120 Hz audio buzz due to lighting? Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology

14. Example: Determining frequency of vibration • Discussion • Frequencies obtained by Extract Multiple Tone Information.vi were consistent with a signal with a missing fundamental whose frequency was that found by the tuner. • Power spectrum plot was also consistent with a “missing fundamental” at the tuner frequency. • Razor probably generates sound at twice the frequency of the mechanical oscillation. Therefore we should probably divide the sound fundamental frequency by 2 to get mechanical vibration frequency. Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology

15. Example: Determining frequency of vibration • Next Steps • Collect audio file from tendon vibration device under different conditions: on a desk and attached with different degrees of tension to a supporting device or a subject. Turn off lights, unplug computer to reduce possible power line interference. Use plot_sound_file_spectrum.vi to estimate vibration frequency. • Record audio file in razor trial location, with computer plugged in, lights on, without razor. Is there power at 60 or 120 Hz? • Record audio file of razor in dark room, computer unplugged, far from devices that might radiate 60 or 120 Hz. Is 120 Hz component reduced? Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology