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Contractarianism

Contractarianism. March 29, 2012. Contractarianism. Morality is a contract. An action is wrong if and only if it is forbidden by the social contract. Contractarianism. What is the social contract ? Why are we bound to obey it?. Prisoner’s Dilemma. Thomas Hobbes (English, 1588-1679).

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Contractarianism

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  1. Contractarianism March 29, 2012

  2. Contractarianism • Morality is a contract. • An action is wrong if and only if it is forbidden by the social contract.

  3. Contractarianism • What is the social contract? • Why are we bound to obey it?

  4. Prisoner’s Dilemma

  5. Thomas Hobbes(English, 1588-1679)

  6. Leviathan (1651)

  7. Leviathan, ch. 13 [F]or as long as men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, they are in the condition known as ‘war’; and it is a war of every man against every man.

  8. Leviathan, ch. 13 In this war of every man against every man nothing can be unjust. The notions of right and wrong, justice and injustice have no place there. Where there is no common power, there is no law; and where there is no law, there is no injustice.

  9. Objections • Free-rider problem • Is this morality? • International law?

  10. John Rawls (American, 1921-2002)

  11. The original position • Participants are self-interested • They are rational (means-end rational). • Behind a “veil of ignorance”

  12. The principles of justice First Principle: Each person is to have an equal right to the most extensive basic liberty compatible with a similar liberty for others.

  13. The principles of justice First Principle: Each person is to have an equal right to the most extensive basic liberty compatible with a similar liberty for others. Second Principle: Social and economic inequalities are to satisfy two conditions: a) They are to be attached to offices and positions open to all under conditions of fair equality of opportunity; b) They are to be to the greatest benefit of the least-advantaged members of society (the difference principle).

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