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ASEAN STUDIES MINI SERIES TALK

ASEAN STUDIES MINI SERIES TALK. Pa-O Buddhism and Multi-Culture ASEAN Studies Centre Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University. United Pa-O University Students Group. United Pa-O University Students group. Introduction. We are going to present 7 item. The history of Pa-O

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ASEAN STUDIES MINI SERIES TALK

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  1. ASEAN STUDIES MINI SERIES TALK Pa-O Buddhism and Multi-Culture ASEAN Studies Centre Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University

  2. United Pa-O University Students Group

  3. United Pa-O University Students group Introduction We are going to present 7 item. • The history of Pa-O • Pa-O Population • Buddhism and Pa-O • Pa-O Ceremony and donation • The Nature of Pa-O • Pa-O Culture and Dressing • Pa-O People, monks, novices, nouns and Educational

  4. United Pa-O University Students group History of Pa O Ethnic There were 150 dynasties in our Pa-O Kingdom of Thaton. Among then, 147 dynasties were ruled by Pa.O King. The rest were Mon King. Among the dynasties, King Thuriyasanda and King Manuha were very famous in religion, social, economic. Actors during King Thuriyasanda’s reign, his Kingdom was famous and developed in religion, economic, social and administrative. He was born at the same time when the sun and the moon were both shining brightly.

  5. Naming and Literature Pa-O’s naming system is interesting. The boys and the men use “Khun” and the girls and the women use, “Nang” as a prefix. “Khun” means “King” and “Nang” means “Princess”. we have our own Language, alphabet and literature with many vowels and intonations. In Pa.Oh literature, there are six kinds of intonations. For example, in Myanmar, the intonations are “Ka”, “Kar”, “Karr”. In Pa.Oh, the intonations are (“Ka”, “Kar”), (“Kar”, “Karr”), (“Karr”, “Karrr”). According these intonations, they make dialect. Although they have their own literature, it deteriorated with the failure of King Manuha.

  6. United Pa-O University Students group The Pa-O settled in the Thaton region of present-day Myanmar around 1000 B.C. Historically, the Pa-O wore colorful clothing until King Anawratha defeated the Mon King, Makuta of Thaton. The Pa-O were enslaved and forced to wear indigo dyed clothing to signify their status.

  7. United Pa-O University Students group The meaning of Pa O The Pa-O are called Taungthu by the Burmese, which means 'hill people'. The British colonialists called them Black people because most Pa-O women wear black or dark blue dresses.

  8. United Pa-O University Students group

  9. Pa-O population

  10. The Pa-O (Pa-Oor Paoh) {Burmese: ပအိုဝ်းလူမျိုး}is the seventh largest ethnic nationality in Myanmar with a population of approximately 2,000,000(1) Interactive Myanmar map, retrieved 22 April 2014. • 2,600,000(2)Pa-Oh National Organization (2010). Pyidaungzu De-Ga Pa-Oh: Union of Pa-Oh (ပြည်ထောင်စု ထဲက ပအိုဝ့်. Pa-Oh National Organization. p. 23.

  11. The Pa-O people are the second largest ethnic group in the state of Shan. They also reside in Kayin State, Kayah State, Mon State, and the Bago Division. They are believed to be of Tibeto-Burman lineage, and share the language and culture of the Karen people. They compose two distinct groups: The Lowland Pa'O, based in Thaton, and The Highland Pa-O, based in Taunggyi. It is believed that there are as many as twenty-four Pa'Osub-groups.[2] The Pa'O subgroups are HteeRee, Jamzam,JaukPa'O, Khrai, Khunlon, Khonlontanyar, Kon jam, Loi Ai, Padaung, Pahtom, Pa nae, Pan Nanm, Nan kay, Mickon, Miclan,TaKyor, Taret, Tahtwe, Tatauk, Taungthar, Tayam, Ta Noe, Warphrarei and Yin Tai

  12. An additional 900 Pa-O live inside Thailand, inhabiting four villages within the Muang District of Mae Hong Son Province. The Pa-O in Thailand fled Myanmar in 1975 because of the terrible social upheavals and human rights abuses committed by the military junta Many of the modern day Pa-O have fled to Mae Hong Son Province, in northern Thailand, due to ongoing military conflicts in Myanmar.

  13. The populations of Pa-O people in Myanmar

  14. King Sureyathantawas born with the sun setting and raising the full moon of “Tabaung”. And he build “ShweSa Yan” temple which can see and pay homage until now in “Thaton” the capital of “Suvannabumi”. So the old people regarded that the birthday of King Thuriyasanda is as their national day by acknowledging the gratitude of “King Thuriyasanda”. On that day, they celebrate the festival every year. The festival also is the festival of meeting of their relatives. During the festival, they go round in the area, all villagers come and participate this festival.

  15. Buddhism and Pa-O

  16. SaminyaSayardaw venerable Vinayasayadaw, he was a great monk. He established tharminnya. And he tried to propagate Buddhism. Before that place is deep forest but now it came a small city. The hold country of Myanmar people know at about that sayadaw.

  17. Alantayarsayadaw He shoes place Moemakha and established Kammathan temple. During he was living Moemakha hill he and his friends saw the Buddha’s beams spread in the sky many night. Then he intend to establish Great Stupa. In 1953, He started One Great Stupa. The Stupa name is Alantaya. Alantaya is Sayadaw’s pupil. He was a hermit Kantibhala’s with his hand. He was a great monk in that time even today still famous.  

  18. Pa-O Monks and lay people in dinning hall

  19. Pa-O Ceremony and donation

  20. Ceremony of Ordination and Novitiate Pa O called Poy Sang Longwhich celebrates the initiation of young boys as novice and monks. On reaching adulthood, being ordained a monk is considered a family celebration. Usually used to do in February and March, Will dress novices on the house back and marched around the village before going to the monastery to shave their head. After then they rotate the monastery three time.

  21. Pa-O novice ordination ceremony Pa-O Mor know as Dhamma talk Pa-O Special donation ceremony Pa-O and Shan done together Special Funeral Ceremony

  22. Ceremony of to respect the Buddha relic with light

  23. In Pa O called Pwe Lip May Bo (Pa-O:Burmese: ceremony. On the monthly full-moon nights, new-moon nights, and both half-moon nights, they surround their local temple with lanterns suspended on strings raised by Supportingbamboo stands. The bamboo stands are used to carry the lanterns around the temple three times, the candles being lit as they are carried, as a show of respect to Buddha.

  24. Ceremony of Fire rocket The Pwe Lu-Phaing (Fire Rocket Festival), is celebrated from April to July. The purpose of the festival is to bring ample rain to the villages during the planting season. According to Pa-O tradition, rockets are fired to help the clouds make rain. The village headman determines the size of the rockets. The largest rockets can contain up to 20 kilograms of gunpowder and have a range of 5–6 miles. The rockets, originally made from bamboo, are currently made from iron. "Pwe" means festival, "Lue" means donation and "Phaing" means to remove sins.

  25. Funerals Villagers take care of funeral arrangements. The body is kept for a couple of nights at home. Food is cooked to offer to the monks and people play card games as a way of giving constant companionship to the departed. After two or three days, the family give praise to the person who died. Common people are buried, while monks are cremated.

  26. The nature of Pa-O A village life is an all day toil in the field and it is uniform everywhere. Morning starts with hustle bustle of womenfolk preparing to go to work. First, early in the morning, they cook and prepare food for the family while the men (heads of the families) chant their daily meditation before the family shrine. With mid-day lunch in the baskets which are slung across their shoulders they gather their hoes and hurry towards their respective fields. Weeding and harrowing are easily done by the hoe, and done the whole day long. There is a break at mid-day during which the workers partake their lunch and have some rest.

  27. The nature of Pa-O Night time is usually quiet but occasionally interrupted by a mute musical note denoting the name of the girl for courting. Serenade by the teenagers are common on the musical instrument used is the flute attached to the dried shell of gourd fruit. The art is to stimulate the romantic feeling of the girl for courting and only rustic way of life could appreciate it in feeling. The courting custom is made at night time. The man comes up to the house and occupy a place by the hearth which is a communal place where the house-hosts should sit near the fire, to keep themselves warn before going to bed. Nor understandable he has no business with the elders who in all formality play host to him till it is time for them to retire to bed.

  28. Sometimes, there is only a couple left to themselves, but very often a number of boys and girls sit around the fire place and talk right into the night. There is nothing as hands holding, hugging and kissing. Generally in every village, there is only one rooster for crowing and which gives times signal. By custom, when this rooster starts crowing the young people take their leave and go home. When the man and girl fall in love, the parents or the guardians take charge and made necessary arrangement for their marriage

  29. Marriage Style Pa.O’smarriage style is very interesting. First the young man’s parent go to inform to the young lady’s parent for the hand of their daughter. Lady parents take four or five days to discuss with their daughter’s wish. And the young man deposits to the young with gold. When the lady agrees to the marriage, they arrange for wedding. According to the custom, the wedding needs hands of banana and other things. They make the cotton thread to wear bride and groom.

  30. Pa-O Culture and Dressing • Pa O culture dressing • According to our legendry, our mother is dragon and father is alchemist. Dragon has powerful for create herself whatever she want so one day she created herself as a beautiful girl. And visited into the forest, then she looked around. So she met with alchemist and they fell in love each other then they got married. After a few months she got pregnant.

  31. Until that time her husband did not know about his wife is a dragon. One day, he went out for looking some herbals medicines and he came back early to home. At that time he saw his wife likes dragon sleep in the bed. So, he afraid and he run away, he never came back to her. But dragon she did not know about it and she waited her husband for long time. She felt upset, then she wants to back to her country under water, but she can’t because she got pregnant. After a few months she laid two big eggs. And she gave her eggs to hermit and back to her country under water. From these two eggs, it will be a girl and a boy. Boy egg is strong so it crack itself, but girl egg is can’t crack itself we need to peel. So our Pa-O comes from this event ‘Pa’ mean crash & ‘O’ mean peal, so Pa-O means crash and peel.

  32. The Dressing of Pa-O. The Pa-O people of upper Myanmar commonly wear black or navy blue. The traditional outfit of the Pa-O consists of a turban, a white shirt, black or navy jacket and long black trousers for men. • The women's traditional Pa-O outfit consists of five pieces: a blouse, a jacket, a longyithat covers the knees, a turban, and two large, conical shaped hair pins. Both men and women pin a Pa-O flag badge on to their jacket. It represents the Zawgyi and dragon from their origin story. Men use a large red sling bag to carry knives, hoes or long choppers. Women use a cane or bamboo sling basket. Those from lower Myanmar wear Burmese style clothing.

  33. There are various types of Pa-O traditional dance and some of the famous types are basically shown as follows: • 1. Moung Moue dance • 2. MoungChone dance • 3. HtoneHtoong dance • 4. Tee-Ree-Ree-Raoj dance • 5. SeinLar Kham Bee dance (Picking Cordia leaves dance) • 6 KeamNeing Jo dance (Picking tea leaves dance)

  34. Moung Moue dance MoungMou dance is usually a type of dance for middle age and elder peoples. The Pa-O presents this dance with a group of peoples while they are carryingon the plants of offered articles on their shoulder. This dance illustrates the arts of courage, peace, prosperity, grace and glory.

  35. (2) MoungChone dance MoungChone dance is also known as long drum dance. It is one of the very popular Pa-O traditional dances. The person plays each gong its sound in unison. It needthe people’s involvement and unites. This dance demonstrates the rhythm of ‘unity.’

  36. (3) HtoneHtoong dance HtoneHtoong dance is one of the popular traditional dances in Pa-O. It composes with a short-drum, a pair of small cup-shaped cymbals, and five to seven different sizes of gongs. The rhythm of the soundis regularly comes along with the dance.

  37. 4Tee-Ree-Ree-Raoj dance As most Pa-O are traditionally devout Buddhist, they are collectively celebrated their ceremony of entering novice-hood and monkhood in their region.

  38. (5) SeinLar Kham Bee dance (the Golden Cordia Leaves dance) The Cordia leaves are one of the useful products for making Myanmar cigars in Myanmar. The Cordia plantation is one of the famous Pa-O family’s businesses and it widely grows in the in the Pa-O region. Majority of Pa-O are farmers and like to grow the Cordia-plants.With this reason, the golden Cordia leaves become one of the main products of Pa-O.Now,

  39. (6) KeamNeing Jo dance(Picking Tea Leaves dance) • The KeamNeing Jodance, calls ‘picking tea leaves dance,’ demonstrates initial way of making good quality of dry tea leaves. The Pa-O performs this dance in their social and traditional ceremonies.

  40. Pa O monk education • The growing education problem for the Pa'O monks of Shan State, where novice are forced to leave their villages in search of better schooling in Yangon and elsewhere in Myanmar. • They are young ethnic Pa’O novice and monk forced to travel hundreds of miles from home to study and live in a Yangon monastery because the education system in Shan state is so poor.

  41. There are so many challenges for Pa-O novice monk who come to Yangon to better their education. Language is the biggest challenge as they find it difficult to understand Burmese. •  They learn basic education and only return home during the summer. • The ethnic children have to donate as much as 100,000 kyats per year to the monastery for tuition. Some children who cannot afford to pay can study for free. but some ran away when they met language difficulties in the school. • Most of the children learn the education in Yangon because of its better teaching system.

  42. NaungTaung Monastery or Philanthropic. It was founded in April 2000, and it started with only 3 monks and 27 novices. As first, it started teaching the novices for Basic Buddhism and primary education.

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