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Enriching River Valley Civilizations: From Hammurabi to Monsoons

Explore the rise of early civilizations in river valleys like Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent, guided by Hammurabi’s Code and the influence of monsoons. Discover how hierarchies, polytheism, and cultural diffusion shaped history.

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Enriching River Valley Civilizations: From Hammurabi to Monsoons

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  1. Silt/Soil • A fine material carried by running water and deposited as a sediment

  2. Surplus • An excess amount of something

  3. Civilization • A complex, highly organized social order (8 characteristics)

  4. River Valley • An elongated lowland between ranges of mountains, hills, or other uplands, with a river running along the bottom

  5. Fertile Crescent region of the Middle East named for its rich soils and golden wheat fields.

  6. Mesopotamia • “between the rivers”; home to the 1st civilization in the world; located in the Fertile Crescent

  7. Irrigation • the artificial application of water to land to assist in the production of crops

  8. Monarchy • Hereditary title • King/Queen (ruler)

  9. Hierarchy • system for ranking people

  10. City-State • Early political system • Government controls the city and surrounding area

  11. Polytheism • Belief in many gods/goddesses

  12. Hammurabi’s Code • 1st written code of laws • “Eye for an Eye” • Laws under Hammurabi of Babylon

  13. Judaism • 1st monotheistic religion - “Jewish” • Abraham- 1st prophet • Torah-holy book; 10 Commandments

  14. Monotheism • Belief in 1 god

  15. Empire • group of states or territories controlled by 1 ruler

  16. Cultural Diffusion • Spread of culture/beliefs via trade, migration, and/or war

  17. Ethnocentric • A belief that ones’ ethnicity is superior; you’re at the ‘center’ of everything

  18. Feudalism • Decentralized government; an exchange of land for services; lords rule land for the king

  19. Dynastic Cycle • Natural disasters/problems new dynasties • Pattern repeats

  20. Mandate of Heaven • The right (orders) to rule from god

  21. Monsoons • Seasonal winds/rain- common to India

  22. Filial Piety • Respect for your elders (Confucian principle)

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