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Feminine Nouns, Adjectives, and Demonstratives

Feminine Nouns, Adjectives, and Demonstratives. Czech 403. Ženský rod. What are the most important parameters? Hard vs. soft Among soft types, -ě vs. - Ø Among – Ø types, -ě vs. –i endings…. Hard stems can end in: b, d, f, g, h, ch, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, z Hard –a: knih a

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Feminine Nouns, Adjectives, and Demonstratives

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  1. Feminine Nouns, Adjectives, and Demonstratives Czech 403

  2. Ženský rod • What are the most important parameters? • Hard vs. soft • Among soft types, • -ě vs. -Ø • Among –Ø types, • -ě vs. –i endings…

  3. Hard stems can end in: b, d, f, g, h, ch, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, z Hard –a: kniha Hard –ě: v knize Hard –o: kniho! Hard –u: knihu Hard –y: knihy Soft stems can end in: b, c, č, ď, j, l, m, ň, p, ř, s, š, ť, v, z, ž Soft –ě: ulice Soft –i: v ulici Soft –ě: ulice! Soft –i: ulici Soft –ě: ulice Tvrdé a měkké vzory

  4. The DLsg form causes the following consonant mutations for hard stem nouns: d>ď(na řadě), t>ť (na patě), n>ň (v pekárně), r>ř (o sestře), k>c (o matce), h/g>z (v knize), ch>š (na soše) For the soft type in –ě, there are two possible endings for Gpl: -Ø and –í. The default ending is –í. Stems ending in –ic tend to have –Ø: ulic. Stems ending in –yně often have both: přítelkyň, přítelkyní DLsg, Gpl

  5. -ě endings Sg: dlaň, dlaně, dlani, dlaň, dlani, dlani, dlaní Pl: dlaně, dlaní, dlaním, dlaně, dlaních, dlaněmi -i endings Sg: kost, kosti, kosti, kost, kosti, kosti, kostí Pl: kosti, kostí, kostem, kosti, kostech, kostmi –Ø types

  6. Rules of thumb… • Dsg and Lsg are always the same • knize, růži, dlani, kosti • Gsg, Npl and Apl are always the same • knihy, růže, dlaně, kosti • Dpl always ends in –m • knihám, růžím, dlaním, kostem • Lpl always ends in –ch • knihách, růžích, dlaních, kostech • Ipl always ends in –mi • knihami, růžemi, dlaněmi, kostmi

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