INTEGRATED animal DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN TANZANIA

1. INTEGRATED animal DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN TANZANIA Robinson Mdegela Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro, Tanzania

2. Country features • Total area is 945,100 sq km of which 942,453 sq km on the mainland • About 44 mil human population • Estimated population growth rate at 2%

3. Livestock profile • Year: 2010/11 financial budget • Cattle: 19.2 million Goats: 13.7 million • Sheep: 3.6 million • Pigs1.9 million • Donkeys: no data • Dogs: 4 million • Commercial chickens:23 million • Local chickens and other poultry species: 35 million • Ducks, Pigeons, Guinea fowl

4. Wildlife Profile in Tanzania

5. Wildlife Protected Areas • About 40% of the land • Tanzania National parks – 15 parks • Ngorongoro Conservation Area • Other protected areas • 28 Game Reserves (GR) (13 % of land) • 33 Game Control Areas (GCA) (5.5% of land) (143 hunting blocks) • 570 Forest Reserves (FR) (15 % of land area) (3% overlap with PA’s) • 33 Wildlife Management Areas (WMA)(4%) (14 gazetted, 19 u/way) • 10,900 Villages, 133 districts (60% of land) (i.e. wildlife outside PAs)

6. National Parks and Game Reserves in Tanzania

7. Livestock farming • Livestock farming • A cornerstone of the rural economy for most Sub-Saharan countries including Tanzania • More than 75% of livestock production is under extensive communal management • Prone to numerous challenges, including but not limited to animal diseases that hamper livestock productivity

8. Disease status • Disease emergence and spread do not respect geographical boundaries • Transboundary diseases • Animals are often implicated as the source of human diseases • Zoonotic diseases • Any disease or infection that is naturally transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans and vice-versa

9. Challenges to Management of Diseases • Limited number of qualified staff • About 5000 MD • 500 Veterinarians • 12 WL Veterinarians • Distribution • Majority in the urban areas and strategic business centers • Wildlife resources • Assets and liability

10. Free border movement of animals and porous border posts • Pastoral communities • Wildlife • Animal and animal products • Working in silos • Professionals • Sectors • Donors • etc

11. Management of Animal Diseases • Management of Transboundary and Zoonotic diseases requires • Integrated approach of different health sectors • Human health • Animal health • Environmental health • One Health Approach • Regional approach • SADC-TADS • AU-IBAR

12. Disease Management Initiatives • EAC initiatives in the Livestock sector • AU-IBAR (The African Union – Interafrican Bureau for Animal Resources) • Support and empower the African Union member states and the Regional Economic Communities • Among 7 goals • Management of zoonotic and Transboundary Diseases • One World One Health Concept

13. SADC TADS • SADC: Southern African Development Community • TADS: Transboundary Animal Diseases • SADC – TADs aims at Strengthening of Institutions for Risk Management of Trans-boundary Animal Diseases (TADs) • The overall objective of the project is to enhance livestock as a tradable commodity through assured animal health

14. One Health/Health Networks and Consortia in Tanzania • OHCEA • One Health Central and Eastern Africa • AFRIQUE ONE • African Research Consortium for Ecosystem and Population Health • SACIDS • The Southern African Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance • CGWESA • Cysticercosis Working Group in Eastern & Southern Africa • (NRN-Biomed) • One Health National Networks for Enhanced Research in Infectious Diseases

15. CARTA • Consortium for Advanced Research and Training in Africa • THRiVE • Training Health Researchers into Vocational Excellence

16. Medical-veterinary collaboration in control of zoonotic disease

17. CONSULTATIVE MEETING ON ZOONOTIC DISEASES: ONE HEALTH APPROACH Morogoro, Tanzania

18. CIMTRAZ • Timely • Beneficial to the country • All levels