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Understanding Motion: Speed, Velocity, and Measurement

This comprehensive guide explores the concepts of motion, including definitions of speed and velocity, and how they are measured. Learn the critical formulas, such as speed = distance/time, and the significance of constant and average speeds. Discover how to interpret motion through graphs and frames of reference, as well as how velocities combine when objects are in motion relative to each other. This information is essential for anyone looking to grasp the fundamentals of physics in everyday scenarios.

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Understanding Motion: Speed, Velocity, and Measurement

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Presentation Transcript

  1. 1-2 Measuring Motion

  2. What is Motion? • A change in position in a certain amount of time • When you describe movement, or motion, you are comparing it with a frame of reference.

  3. What is speed? • Speed is the rate at which an object moves. The faster the rate of motion the faster the speed. • In order to solve for speed you need to know the distance traveled and the time. • The formula for speed is Speed = distance time

  4. What are the units for speed? • Distance is measured in meters or kilometers • Time is measured in seconds or hours • So the unit for speed is meters/second (m/s) or kilometer/hour (km/hr) • From the sun’s frame of reference Earth is orbiting 30 kilometers per second (30 km/sec)

  5. Constant speed • Speed that does not change is called constant speed. • A graph of constant speed is a straight line (through the origin) A car travels 150 km/s in 5 seconds. What is the speed of the car?

  6. Average Speed • When the speed of a moving object is not always constant you calculate the average speed. • To calculate average speed you divide TOTAL DISTANCE by TOTAL TIME Average speed = total distance / total time

  7. Velocity • Velocity is speed in a given direction. • Mrs. T runs 10 m/s east. • What is her speed? • What is her velocity? • Mrs. McD. jumps 2 m/s up • What is her speed? • What is her velocity?

  8. Combining Velocities • If two object are moving in the same direction in relation with each other (such as a river and boat ) there velocities combine. • If you are rowing a boat downstream at 10 km/hr and the river is also moving at 10 km/hr downstream, then you are actually travelling at a rate of 20 km/hr

  9. Combing Velocities • If two object are moving in different direction in relation with each other (such as a boat traveling upstream on a river) there velocities subtract. • If you are paddling a boat upstream at 6 km/hr and the river is traveling at 16 km/hr, then you are actually traveling at 10 km/hr.

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