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Productive Conservation

Productive Conservation. Producing & Marketing Specialty Products in Conservation Buffers. Benefits of Buffers. What Kind of “Crops” Can Be Produced in Buffers?. Potential products: timber (sawlogs, post, poles, veneer) fiber (pulp, firewood, energy biomass) forage (hay, livestock)

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Productive Conservation

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  1. Productive Conservation Producing & Marketing Specialty Products in Conservation Buffers

  2. Benefits of Buffers What Kind of “Crops” Can Be Produced in Buffers? • Potential products: • timber (sawlogs, post, poles, veneer) • fiber (pulp, firewood, energy biomass) • forage (hay, livestock) • specialty crops (foods, herbs and florals, etc.) • recreation (hunting, birding, etc.)

  3. Benefits of Buffers Wood Products Marketable products depend on current and future demand. A small acreage of products yields small profits unless a high-value, niche market is tapped. Short-rotation, dense canopy poplar Softwood sawlogs and forage Walnut veneer and nuts

  4. Benefits of Buffers What Kind of Specialty “Crops” Can Be Producedin Buffers?

  5. Benefits of Buffers • Foods • Decorative Florals • Medicinals • Handicraft Materials

  6. Benefits of Buffers Nuts

  7. Benefits of Buffers Commercial Nut Species • Black Walnut • Pecan & Northern Pecan • Hybrid Hazelnut (Filbert) • Chestnut (Chinese) • Butternut • Hickory • Gingko • Carpathian (English) Walnut

  8. Fruits with Commercial Markets • Chokecherry • Highbush Cranberry • Currants • Elderberry • Saskatoon • Gooseberry

  9. Benefits of Buffers Midwestern US Specialty Fruit Markets Jam/Jelly Wine Total $ US Species (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) Value Chokecherry 52,524 4,300 56,824 $71,000 Elderberry 8,100 81,095 89,195 $67,000 Sand Cherry 800 20,000 20,800 $20,800 American Plum 4,458 11,100 15,558 $19,500 Currants 3,220 3,400 6,620 $6,940 Mulberry 720 4,000 4,720 $4,720 Hawthorn 4,500 0 4,500 $4,500 Buffaloberry 1,987 150 2,137 $3,206 Gooseberry 2,030 0 2,030 $2,030 Saskatoon 750 200 950 $950 Totals 79,089 126,265 205,334 $205,020 *2001 Survey of Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, & S. Dakota

  10. Woody Decorative Florals • Unusual or colorful stems • Decorative buds • Many spring flowering trees & shrubs

  11. Benefits of Buffers Nebraska Woody Florals # Marketable # Marketable # Stems $ Value Species Stems/Plant* Stems/Plant** Per 1000’ Per 1000’ Streamco Willow 30 43 8,600 $2,580 Scarlet Curls Willow 22 53 10,566 $4,985 Pussy Willow 13 43 8,522 $1,300 Corkscrew Willow 0 16 3,938 $1,064 Bailey Dogwood 7 12 2,900 $870 Colorado Dogwood 10 11 2,670 $801 Flame Willow 0 11 2,685 $806 Cardinal Dogwood 12 8 1,928 $578 Yellowtwig Dogwood 2 7 1,760 $792 Bloodtwig Dogwood 3 2 588 $176 *2 year’s growth after planting ** 1 year’s growth after harvest *** 4 - 5’ spacing depending on species 1 year after first harvest

  12. Benefits of Buffers Nebraska Woody Floral (Fresh Only) Retail Markets * Species # Bunches/yr $ Value** Pussy Willow 70,500 $56,400 Curly Willow 68,400 $54,720 Red (Sweet) Birch 53,700 $42,960 Flowering Branches 7,400 $11,100 Forsythia 10,100 $10,100 Red Dogwood 3,500$2,800 Totals 213,600 $178,080 *109 wholesale and retail florists **Retail prices = $0.50 to $0.80/stem, more for flowering branches

  13. Benefits of Buffers National* Woody Floral Markets (Fresh Product Only) Species # Bunches/yr $ Value • Curly Willow 902,000 $4,961,000 • Pussy Willow 331,000 $1,241,250 • Forsythia 152,600 $839,300 • Red (Sweet) Birch 93,132 $465,660 • Red Dogwood 47,855 $215,348 • Miscellaneous 33,362$126,233 Totals 1,559,949 $7,848,791 * US wholesale florists (~800) excluding those in WA, OR and CA, or brokers, growers, or floral hard good suppliers

  14. Potential Net Income Yellowtwig Curly French Scarlet Dogwood Willow Pussy Curls Willow Willow • 16 42 52 • $3.17 $5.63 $6.50 $24.94 • $2.35 $3.49 $4.26 $7.02 • $.82 $2.14 $2.24 $17.92 • $61.50 $160.50 $168.00 $1344.00 Marketable Stems/Plant Gross income Production Cost Net Income 300’ rows

  15. Handicraft Products Diamond Willow Art Basket willow Furniture Diamond Willow Walking Sticks

  16. Medicinals Echinacea Ginseng Goldenseal

  17. Characteristics of Specialty Markets • Small, niche markets • Seasonal • # of Potential Products Varies by Species • Location / Distance from Markets • Degree of Concentration

  18. Summary • Many Potentially Profitable Specialty Crops Can Be Grown in Conservation Buffers • Success = Knowing How to Grow and Market the Crop American (Wild) Plum

  19. United States Department of Agriculture Alley Cropping NEDC Conservation Buffers Course

  20. Objectives Define alley cropping Describe the purposes Explain the basic alley cropping design considerations to achieve identified purposes Conduct a classroom exercise for an alley cropping design Discuss design recommendations

  21. Alley Cropping... … is the planting of trees or shrubs in two or more sets of single or multiple rows with agronomic, horticultural, or forage crops cultivated in the alleys between the rows of woody plants.

  22. Alley Cropping - Limitations • Intensive management • Depending on the tree crop may remove land from annual crops • Requires marketing infrastructure for tree products

  23. Design - Parameters Alley Set Spacing* Alley - The area of the field established to a agricultural, horticultural or forage crop Alley width - The width of the field planted to the companion crop

  24. Design - Parameters Set Spacing* Set Width Set - The area of the field established to a linear planting of one or more tree or shrub rows Set width - The width of the area established to trees and shrubs Set spacing - The distance between sets measured center to center

  25. Alley Cropping - Terms Alley - The area of the field established to a agricultural, horticultural or forage crop Alley width - The width of the field planted to the companion crop Set - The area of the field established to a linear planting of one or more tree or shrub rows Set width - The width of the area established to trees and shrubs Set spacing - The distance between sets measured center to center Tree species - The kind or name of a tree suited for a specific purpose Density - The compactness of the crown, canopy or the number of a unit such as trees Layout - The location and arrangement of the alley cropping in relation to the field or topography

  26. Legend Roads Lakes/Reservoirs 2 Alley Cropping - Design • General Criteria: • Identify potential sites for alley cropping based on : • Topography • Soils • Personal preference • Purpose Highly Favorable Favorable Not Favorable

  27. Alley Cropping - Design • General Criteria: • Layout is generally at intervals across the crop or hay field, either on the contour or parallel to the field depending upon: • Topography • Personal preference • Purpose

  28. Tree Species Shade Produced Root Competition Black Walnut Low Low Pecan Medium Medium Oak High Medium Pine High Medium-High Alley Cropping - Design • Alley width is determined by: • Light requirement for the crop or forage to be grown in the alleyway • Multiples of the widest field equipment width • Purpose

  29. Alley Cropping - Design Set Width: is usually made up of drip line allowance (usually 10 feet min) plus spacing between tree rows if more than one row plus another allowance for drip line. Set Spacing: is the distance between the linear tree planting. The spacing is from center line to center line of the tree planting. Species: is based upon personal preference, site adaptation and purpose.

  30. Drip line of mature tree + access Min. = 10’ Set spacing Set + + + + Alley + + + +

  31. Drip line of mature tree + access Min. = 10’ 16’ 10’ Set spacing Set + + + + + + Alley + + + + + + + + + +

  32. Set spacing Set Alley

  33. 40 North Latitude – Mar 21 & Sept 21 o 8:00 10:00 12:00 2:00 4:00 + + + + 20’ 30’ + + + + + + + +

  34. 40 North Latitude – Mar 21 & Sept 21 o 8:00 10:00 12:00 2:00 4:00 + + + + 20’ 30’ + + + + + + + +

  35. 40 North Latitude – Mar 21 & Sept 21 o 8:00 10:00 12:00 2:00 4:00 + + + + 20’ 30’ + + + + + + + +

  36. 40 North Latitude – Mar 21 & Sept 21 o 8:00 10:00 12:00 2:00 4:00 + + + + 20’ 30’ + + + + + + + +

  37. 40 North Latitude – Mar 21 & Sept 21 o 8:00 10:00 12:00 2:00 4:00 + + + + 20’ 30’ + + + + + + + +

  38. 40 North Latitude – Mar 21 & Sept 21 o 8:00 10:00 12:00 2:00 4:00 1H + + + + 20’ 30’ + + + + + + + + 2H

  39. 40 North Latitude – June 21 o 8:00 10:00 12:00 2:00 4:00 1H + + + + + + + + 20’ 30’ + + + + + + + + 1H

  40. Alley Cropping – Purposes: • Produce tree and / or shrub products • Improve crop or forage quality and quantity by enhancing microclimate • Improve crop diversity, and economic returns • Increase net carbon storage in the soil and vegetation

  41. Alley Cropping – Purposes: • Improve utilization and recycling of soil nutrients • Decrease movement off site of nutrients or chemicals • Reduce surface water runoff and erosion • Reduce subsurface water quantity or alter water table depths

  42. Alley Cropping – Purposes: • Provide or enhance wildlife habitat • Create habitat for biological pest management • Enhance aesthetics To Exercise #1----------------- To Exercise #2-----------------

  43. Alley Cropping More Information: USDA National Agroforestry Center USDA Forest Service and Natural Resources Conservation Service East Campus - UNL Lincoln, NE 68583-0822 www.unl.edu/nac

  44. Criteria for Producing Tree or Shrub Products • Fast growing • Readily marketable • Produce valuable wood, nut or fruit

  45. Criteria for Producing Tree or Shrub Products • Yields annual or periodic commercial product • Appropriate shade for companion crop • Minimal roots at soil surface • Adapted to site and soils

  46. Criteria for Producing Tree or Shrub Products • Black Walnut • Pecan & Northern Pecan • Hybrid Hazelnut (Filbert) • Chestnut (Chinese) • Butternut • Hickory • Carpathian (English) Walnut

  47. Criteria for Producing Tree or Shrub Products • Decorative florals - willows,dogwood, etc. • Fruits - Chokecherry, Highbush Cranberry, Currants, Elderberry, Saskatoon, Gooseberry

  48. Criteria for Improving Crop or Forage Quality and Quantity by Enhancing Microclimate Microclimate impacts of barrier • >Relative humidity 8H • >Soil Temp 10H • <Air Temp nights 7H • >Air Temp days 10 H • >Soil Moisture 10H • <Evaporation 16H

  49. Criteria for Improving Crop or Forage Quality and Quantity by Enhancing Microclimate Weighted Average Crop Yield Increase: • Corn - 12% • Soybeans - 13% • Barley - 25% • Winter Wheat - 23% • Hay - 20% • Spring Wheat - 8% Influence of microclimate Modification on crop yield

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