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The Big Bang Theory

The Big Bang Theory. Debriefing Hubble’s Law. Red Shift. Read Textbook Pages 369 – 370 Answer Questions: If an object was moving towards you would its spectrum be red shifted or blue shifted? (explain)

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The Big Bang Theory

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  1. The Big Bang Theory Debriefing Hubble’s Law

  2. Red Shift • Read Textbook • Pages 369 – 370 • Answer Questions: • If an object was moving towards you would its spectrum be red shifted or blue shifted? (explain) • Comparing redshift to the Doppler Effect, would a red shift be an increase or decrease in sound pitch?

  3. Plotting Hubble’s Data Recession Velocity Distance

  4. Plotting Hubble’s Data Recession Velocity Distance

  5. Plotting Hubble’s Data Recession Velocity Distance

  6. Analysis Questions • Does this graph show a relationship between the data or does it show a random distribution? Recession Velocity Yes! Slope = Hubble’s Constant Distance

  7. Analysis Questions • What does this graph say about the speed of a galaxy when it is near to us compared to its speed as it becomes more and more distant? Near Moving away slowly Recession Velocity Further Away Moving away faster Distance

  8. Analysis Questions • Predict what this graph will look like (and what the Universe will look like) billions of years in the future. Recession Velocity Galaxies will be far away from each other Distance

  9. Analysis Questions • Predict what this graph would have looked like (and what the Universe would have looked like) billions of years in the past. Recession Velocity Galaxies were close together! Distance

  10. Hubble’s Conclusion • The Universe Is Expanding! • All Galaxies Are Moving Away From Each Other • Not just away from us (Earth) or some other fixed point in space • Therefore In The Past: • All galaxies must have been very close to each other. • The Universe must have been much smaller. • And Going Back Further In Time: • All galaxies (and matter) must have originated from the same place • The Universe must have started as a single point!

  11. What is The Big Bang? • Big Bang is the scientific theory of how the universe emerged from a tremendously dense and compact state about 14 billion years ago. • All matter, all dimensions of space, and even time itself was created with the Big Bang. • The Universe as we know it did not exist before the Big Bang.

  12. Building a Universe First there was a hot ball of matter tinier than an atom. This cooled to 10 billion billion ◦C and grew. http://rainbow.ldeo.columbia.edu/courses/v1001/7.html

  13. Building a Universe - A split second later there was instantaneous filling of space with all matter =Inflation -as the universe inflated it was flooded with energy and matter (gravity and electricity) http://rainbow.ldeo.columbia.edu/courses/v1001/7.html

  14. Building a Universe • After 3 minutes, quarks started to join and form atoms like hydrogen • After 1 million years matter cooled down enough to form gases and clouds • After 300 million years matter started to form the first stars and galaxies • Our Sun and Solar System were formed about 10 billion years after the Big Bang ( about 4.5 Billion years ago). • A 2nd or 3rd generation star

  15. Important! • The Solar Nebular Theory and the Big Bang Theory are TWO DIFFERENT THINGS. • Nebular Theory • Creation of JUST our Solar System • Happened 4.5 Billion years ago • Big Bang Theory • Creation of ALL matter, galaxies, space and time • Happened 14 Billion years ago

  16. The Big Bang Theory • Scientists in the 1930’s thought the idea was interesting but they did not believe it. • They required extra proof to accept it as a theory. • Hubble predicted that we might be able to “hear” the Big Bang • But the bang would be red shifted down to radio waves.

  17. Penzias & Wilson (1965) • While experimenting with a telephone antenna they discovered a “mysterious” noise that seemed to be coming from all directions. • They realized that they found the “bang” • The scientific community accepted it as proof. • They won the Nobel Prize.

  18. WMAP Space Probe (2003) • Imaged the heat of the big bang in fine detail. • Determined an accurate age for the Universe • 13.7 Billion Years • Provides additional proof and understanding of the “Big Bang” Theory.

  19. Future of the Universe ? Recession Velocity Distance

  20. Future Possibility #1 Cold Death -Universe Expands Forever. -Galaxies become separated by infinite distances. Recession Velocity Distance

  21. Future Possibility #2 Steady State -Expansion Slows Down. -Universe exists forever. Recession Velocity Distance

  22. Future Possibility #3 Big Crunch -Expansion Reverses. -Universe dies in a “big Crunch”. Recession Velocity Bounce! Distance

  23. Recent Observations Acceleration! -Expansion Is Speeding Up. Recession Velocity Totally Unexpected! Distance • Requires a new force and a new understanding of the Universe • Dark Energy

  24. Consolidation Questions • Read • 372 to 375 • 377 to 380 • Questions • Page 376: #1, #3, #4, #7 • Page 379: #1, #3, #4

  25. Consolidation Questions • Read Pages 372 to 375 • What is the major evidence that confirms the big bang theory? What does this evidence mean? • Compare and contrast COBE and WMAP. Explain what they show. • According to the big bang theory, in what ways was the early universe different from today? • What does the big bang predict about the future of the universe?

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