1 / 77

Chapter 26 Monetary Policy

Chapter 26 Monetary Policy. Key Concepts Summary Practice Quiz Internet Exercises. ©2002 South-Western College Publishing. What are the three schools of economic thought?. Classical Keynesian Monetarist. What is the Keynesian view of money?.

barrett
Download Presentation

Chapter 26 Monetary Policy

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 26Monetary Policy • Key Concepts • Summary • Practice Quiz • Internet Exercises ©2002 South-Western College Publishing

  2. What are the three schools of economic thought? • Classical • Keynesian • Monetarist

  3. What is the Keynesian view of money? People who hold cash or checking account balances incur an opportunity cost in foregone interest or profits

  4. According to Keynes, why would people hold money? • Transactions demand • Precautionary demand • Speculative demand

  5. What is the transactions demand for money? The stock of money people hold to pay everyday predictable expenses

  6. What is the precautionary demand for money? The stock of money people hold to pay unpredictable expenses

  7. What is the speculative demand for money? The stock of money people hold to take advantage of expected future changes in the price of bonds, stocks, or other nonmoney financial assets

  8. How does a change in interest rates affect speculative demand? As the interest rate falls, the opportunity cost of holding money falls, and people increase their speculative balances

  9. What is the demand for money curve? A curve representing the quantity of money that people hold at different possible interest rates, ceteris paribus

  10. How do interest rates affect the demand for money? There is an inverse relationship between the quantity of money demanded and the interest rate

  11. What gives the demand for money a downward slope? The speculative demand for money at possible interest rates

  12. What determines interest rates in the market? The demand and supply of money in the loanable funds market

  13. The Demand for Money Curve 16% 12% Interest Rate A 8% B 4% MD Billions of dollars 500 1,000 1,500 2,000

  14. Increase in the quantity of money demanded Decrease in the interest rate

  15. The Equilibrium Interest Rate MS 16% Surplus 12% Interest Rate E Shortage 8% 4% MD Billions of dollars 500 1,500 2,000 1,000

  16. Bond prices fall and the interest rate rises People sell bonds Excess money demand

  17. Bond prices rise and the interest rate falls People buy bonds Excess money supply

  18. Why do bond prices fall as interest rates rise? Bond sellers have to offer higher returns (lower price) to attract potential bond buyers, or else they will go elsewhere to get higher interest returns

  19. Why do bond prices rise as interest rates fall? Bond sellers are put in a better bargaining position as interest rates fall (higher price); potential buyers cannot go elsewhere to get higher interest returns so easily

  20. How can the Fed influence the equilibrium interest rate? It can increase or decrease the supply of money

  21. Increase in the Money Supply MS1 MS2 16% Surplus 12% Interest Rate E1 E2 8% MD 4% Billions of dollars 500 1,000 1,500 2,000

  22. Decrease in the Money Supply MS2 MS1 16% Shortage 12% Interest Rate E2 E1 8% MD 4% Billions of dollars 500 1,000 1,500 2,000

  23. Decrease the interest rate Money surplus and people buy bonds Increase in the money supply

  24. Increase in the interest rate Money shortage and people sell bonds Decrease in the money supply

  25. In the Keynesian Model, what do changes in the money supply affect? Interest rates, which in turn affect investment spending, aggregate demand, and real GDP, employment, and prices

  26. Change in the moneysupply Keynesian Policy Change in interest rates Change in prices, real GDP, & employment Change in the aggregate demand curve Change in investment

  27. Expansionary Monetary Policy MS1 MS2 16% Surplus 12% Interest Rate E1 E2 8% MD 4% Billions of dollars 500 1,000 1,500 2,000

  28. Investment Demand Curve 16% A 12% Interest Rate B 8% I 4% Billions of dollars 1,000 1,500

  29. When will businesses make an investment? When the investment projects for which the expected rate of profit equals or exceeds the interest rate

  30. Product Market AS E2 155 Price Level E1 AD2 150 full employment AD1 Billions of dollars 6.0 6.1

  31. What is the Classical economic view? The economy is stable in the long-run at full employment

  32. How did the Classical economists view the role of money? They believed in the equation of exchange

  33. What is theequation of exchange? An accounting number of times per year a dollar of the money supply is spent on final goods and services

  34. What is thevelocity of money? The average number of times per year a dollar of the money supply is spent on final goods and services

  35. Money Prices MV = PQ Velocity Quantity

  36. What is theMonetarist Theory? That changes in the money supply directly determine changes in prices, real GDP, and employment

  37. Change in the quantityof money Change in the money supply Change in prices, real GDP, & employment Monetarist Policy Change in the aggregate demand curve

  38. What is the Quantity Theory of Money? The theory that changes in the money supply are directly related to changes in the price level

  39. What is the conclusion of the Quantity Theory of Money? Any change in the money supply must lead to a proportional change in the price level

  40. Who are theModern Monetarists? Monetarist argue that velocity is not unchanging, but is nevertheless predictable

  41. According to the Monetarist, how do we avoid inflation and unemployment? We must be sure that the money supply is at the proper level

  42. Who isMilton Friedman? In the 1950’s and 1960’s, he was a leader in putting forth the ideas of the modern-day monetarists

  43. What does Milton Friedman advocate? The Federal Reserve should increase the money supply by a constant percentage each year to enhance full employment and stable prices

  44. How do the Keynesians view the velocity of money? Over long periods of time, it can be unstable and unpredictable

  45. The Velocity of Money 7 6 5 GDP/M1 4 3 2 1 Year 60 40 70 80 90 00 50

  46. What is the conclusion of the Keynesians? A change in the money supply can lead to a much larger or smaller change in GDP than the monetarists would predict

  47. What is the crux of the Keynesian argument? Because velocity is unpredictable, a constant money supply may not support full employment and stable prices

  48. What is the conclusion of the Keynesian argument? The Federal Reserve must be free to change the money supply to offset unexpected changes in the velocity of money

  49. What are the main points of Classical economics?

  50. Economy tends toward a full employment equilibrium • Prices & wages are flexible • Velocity of money is stable • Excess money causes inflation • Short-run price & wage adjustments cause unemployment • Monetary policy can change aggregate demand & prices • Fiscal policies are not necessary

More Related