1 / 42

Isolation Class 10

Isolation Class 10 . Last Class. Preventing the spread of infection. What do we do when a client has a highly infectious disease?. Specific Infection Control Policies. Isolation – the principle is to create a physical barrier that prevents the transfer of microorganisms.

barclay
Download Presentation

Isolation Class 10

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Isolation Class 10 Last Class

  2. Preventing the spread of infection • What do we do when a client has a highly infectious disease?

  3. Specific Infection Control Policies • Isolation – the principle is to create a physical barrier that prevents the transfer of microorganisms.

  4. What are appropriate barriers? Depending on - • Organism Transmission • Airborne • Vehicle • Contact • Direct • Indirect • Droplet

  5. Types of Barriers • PPE (personal protective equipment) • Gowns • Gloves • Masks • Eyewear

  6. Each institution is required to have infection control policies and guidelines.

  7. What about when we don’t know? • 3 systems • Universal precautions • Body substance precautions • Standard precautions

  8. Precautions to guard against the unknown • Apply to everyone • General public • May or may not carry an infection

  9. History Lesson • Initially concerned with patient to patient • Followed by concern for health care professionals • 1970 – Hepatitis B • 1987 – HIV • Universal precautions by Center for Disease Control (CDC)

  10. Universal precautions Stated : All blood & body flds should be treated as potentially infectious.

  11. Body Substance Isolation (BSI) • Infection control practitioners in Seattle and SanDiego • Canada adopted policy but renamed it Body Substance Precautions (BSP)

  12. Standard Precautions • 1996- newest guidelines by CDC combined the major features of universal precautions & BSP

  13. 2 Tier System • 1996 CDC new guidelines

  14. 1st Tier – Standard Precautions • Most important • Universal precautions + BSP • Applies to everyone • Primary strategies for prevention of infection • Standard precautions • Blood, body flds., nonintact skin, mucus membranes

  15. 2nd Tier • Specific infections/diagnosis • Droplet, airborne, contact with contaminated surface

  16. 3 Types Transmission Based Precautions • Airborne, droplet, contact • Some infections combination (chicken pox) • These extra precautions are in addition to Standard Precautions

  17. Airborne • Travels on small particles • Air currents • Portal of entry – nose, mouth, mucus membranes • Measles, chicken pox, TB

  18. Requirements for Airborne • Negative pressure room – door closed • TB = HEPA filter • Do not enter if not immune to measles/chickenpox • Client wears mask when required to leave room

  19. Droplet • Large droplets of moisture • Coughing, sneezing, talking • Travels 3 ft. or less • Enters nose / mouth • Mumps, pertusis, influenza • Private room • Staff regular mask for 3 ft. • Client mask for transport

  20. Contact • Dry skin to dry skin = Direct • Dry skin to object = Indirect • Impetigo, herpes zoster, scabies • Gloves – for direct care or touching anything in the room • Private room or semi if cohort has same diagnosis

  21. Remove gloves prior to exiting and wash hands • Gown for • patient contact • Changing linen • Handling objects in the room

  22. Remove gown prior to exiting • Wash hands • Careful clothing does not touch room surfaces

  23. Protective Isolation / Reverse isolation • Compromised or suppressed immune system • Highly susceptible to infections • Protection from environmental pathogens

  24. Protective Isolation / Reverse isolation What do you need ? • Private room – door closed • Gown, mask, gloves if direct contact • Wash hands • No plants / flowers

  25. Procedure • Before instituting • EXPLAIN to client & family • Disease • Purpose of isolation • Steps to follow • Time frame

  26. Room Preparation • Private with BR facilities • Sign on door • Isolation cart outside door • Laundry hamper in room • Waste basket with plastic bag • Thermometer, B/P cuff, stethoscope in room • Sharps receptacle

  27. Be organized • Gather equipment prior to entering room • Remove rings and wash hands • Don PPE • Gown usually disposable • Gloves up over cuff of gown

  28. Put your watch in a plastic bag if no clock in room • Linen is placed in a water soluble bag & then cream/yellow bag • No special treatment for dishes / trays

  29. Exiting Room • Untie gown at waist • Remove gloves properly • Remove mask • Untie gown at neck, drop over shoulders, don’t touch outside, fold inwards, and discard

  30. Exiting Room • Wash hands • Use paper towel on door handle • Wash hands again outside room Important to do as much client care as you can while you are in the room….CLUSTER ACTIVITY.

  31. Basic Principles • Wash hands prior to entering & exiting room • Careful disposal of contaminated materials • Knowledge of disease and mode of transmission • Protection of client and public during transport

  32. Client Consideration • Isolation • Loneliness • Self – esteem, body image • Boredom

  33. Sterile Technique / Surgical Asepsis Purpose – to eliminate all microorganisms from objects that come into contact with the tissues of the body that are normally sterile.

  34. Practice Areas • Operating room • Labor and delivery • Major diagnostic area • At the bedside in 3 main situations • Procedures requiring intentional perforation of the skin

  35. When the skin’s integrity is broken due to surgery or burns • During procedures involving insertion of devices into normally sterile body cavities

  36. Any break in technique could result in contamination increasing clients risk for infection.

  37. Methods of Sterilization • Steam – most common • Dry heat • Ethylene oxide gas • Chemicals • Indicator of sterility – • tape on pkg. turns color or forms lines • Expiration Date

  38. Moist heat /steam Radiation Autoclave- instruments, parental solutions, dressings Drugs, foods, heat sensitive items Examples of sterilization processes

  39. Chemicals All types microorganisms Rapid action Work with water Stable in heat & light Inexpensive Not harmful to body tissue Instruments Glass thermometers Ex. Chlorine – used to disinfect water & for housekeeping purposes Examples of sterilization processes

  40. Ethylene oxide gas Destroys microorganisms by altering cells’ metabolic processes. Rubber Plastic Examples of sterilization processes

  41. Boiling water Cheap Imp. – bacterial spores andsome viruses resist boiling. Not used in hospitals! Items should be boiled for at least 15 min. Examples of sterilization processes

  42. Practical Exam • Prepare a sterile field • Add an item • Add a liquid • Don sterile gloves

More Related