Mobile Phone Displays

1. Mobile Phone Displays Display technologies: History Prevailing Technologies 3D Touch Screens Future

2. Summary Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays LCD history Present technologies Power consumption problem Technologies in detail (emissive & reflective) 3D screens Touchscreens iPhone 4 Retina display and IPS Future preditions

3. Remember Your First Phone? Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays In 1997 Nokia 2110 was the hottest piece out there Beautiful LCD display: 4 rows with 13 characters I do SMS! ≈ 24h battery ≈ smart phone battery life today

4. LCD Founding History 1/2 Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays Austrian botanist Friedrich Reinitzer first observed Liquid Crystal in 1888 Cholesteryl benzoate White at 145 celsius, clear at 179 celsius

5. LCD Founding History 2/2 Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays Otto Lehman Physics PHD examined the double refraction effect Thus the name liquid and crystal (Fliessende Krystalle) From then on LC’s were popular field of study

6. 1960’s – the Race is ON Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays USA - LCD has great potential but CRTs are selling Japan - let’s make some calculators UK - BBC let’s make some watches

7. CMOS + LCD = ♥♥♥ Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays • Same operational frequency & voltage • Both small in size • = A good match Seven segment display >

8. First TFT 14” Monitor Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays A major milestone was reached in 1988 when a 14-in active-matrix (AM) thin-film-transistor (TFT) display was demonstrated by Sharp

9. Present Technologies Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays • Phone display sizes 2” - 4” • Resolution 320x240 – 960x640, 100-326 DPI • Emissive (emit light) • LCDs: light from lightsource through optics • LEDs & OLEDs: convert energy directly into light • Reflective (reflect light) • E-ink, Mirasol • Electrofluidic Display (work in progress) • Touch screens in all technologies

10. Present Technologies Usage Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays AMOLED: Nokia N8, Samsung Galaxy S, HTC, Nexus 1 LCD & SLCD: iPhone, HTC, Nexus 1, Windows 7 phone OLED: not many yet, Kyocera W41K Hard to find info or graphs Not so big differences. The beauty is in your mind ;) Android phones 2010

11. Power Consumption Problem Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays Displays increase in size, brightness and color > more power is needed Power consumption & management becomes more important

12. LCD Energy Inefficiency Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays Working principle: LCDs modulate polarized light to create images Initial polarization loses 50% of the light Additional layers lose ≈ 40% more LCD display shows 5-10% of the original light = The need for strong backlight

13. LED Backlit LCD Panel Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays

14. LEDs Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays Electrofluorescense Good contrast Fast response times Energy consumption ≈ 40% - 80% of LCDs White images can use more energy than LCD! LifeSpan is limited

15. LEDs Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays

16. OLED Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays Advanced LED Small, generates less heat, durable… Glowing pickle video

17. OLED devices are coming Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays

18. Reflective Technology: Displays Of The Future? Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays Reflective technologies are the most power savy of the emerging display technologies Bistable = ‘memory’ = intelligent refresh for only changed areas. Still areas retain image with very little power. E-ink, Mirasol, Electrofluidic Displays

19. E-ink Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays Plastic film laminated with circuits Bistable Reflects ambient light Energy Efficient and viewable in sunlight Colors still in development Slow response time

20. Amazon Kindle E-ink Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays 600 x 800 pixel resolution at 167 ppi, 16-level gray scale “A single charge lasts for up to a month with wireless off. Keep wireless always on and it lasts for up to 3 weeks”

21. Mirasol Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays Bistable, fast and energy efficient Already used in couple of devices Explanation video

22. Electrofluidic Display Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays Still in development but looks promising Energy efficient Fast Durable Colourfull …

23. Electrofluidic Display Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays new approach which leverages use of high-performance pigments used in traditional printing process video

24. 3D is here Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays

25. 3D devices – Nintendo 3DS Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays 3.53-inch widescreen LCD display, enabling 3D view without the need for special glasses 800x240 pixel resolution (400 pixels are allocated for each eye to enable 3D viewing) One inner camera and two outer cameras with 640x480 (0.3 Mega) pixel resolution.

26. 3D devices – Samsung Mobile 3D AMOLED Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays 7.01 inch 1024xRGBx600 LVDSContrast: 30.000:1 Color gamut: NTSC 100%

27. 3D devices – NTT DoCoMo & CEATEC Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays 3D display with haptic feedback Stereographic cameras for stylus position detection More info

28. Touchscreens Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays Both work as a layer on top of display, they can be used with any type of display technology “Elograph” Developed by Dr. Sam Hurst in 1971 Main technologies in mobiles: Resistive and Capasitive

29. Resistive Touchscreens Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays Resistive screens use two extremely thin layers below the glass that are pressed together when the screen is touched

30. Capasitive Touchscreens Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays Capacitive touchscreens work by transferring a small electrical charge from the screen to your finger and detecting the region where the charge is removed

31. Resistive vs. Capacitive Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays The difference between the two means that resistive screens can be touched with any object, like a stylus, while capacitive screens need to make contact with your body (conductive material), usually through your finger Matter of opinion which one is better General opinion (and mine) seems to favor capacitive

32. iPhone 4 Retina Display Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays In place switching LED backlight TFT LCD 3.5” widescreen capasitive multi touch 960-by-640-pixel resolution at 326 DPI PPI 800:1 contrast ratio Fingerprint-resistant oleophobic coating on front and back

33. In Place Switching Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays Developed by Hitachi in 1996 crystal molecules move parallel to the panel plane instead of perpendicular to it Viewing angle ≈ 170 degrees Used in iPhone4 and iPad More info

34. iPhone 4 Retina Display Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays Apple’s Retina display info Retina display review video

35. Future Predictions Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays LCDs will change into OLEDs 3D is coming allready Reflective technologies are likely to become the next BIG thing after OLED Hybrid technologies: Qi pixel? Power consumption is going down while resolution, brightness, contrast and gamut continue to enhance

36. Thank You Advanced Display Technologies - Mobile Displays Questions? Check notes for additional info & links