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BELLWORK: August 28 th

Explore the impact of geography on the Indus River Valley civilization, including its major cities and groups. Discover the achievements of the Harappan civilization and the arrival of the Aryans. Learn about the Caste System and its role in Hinduism.

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BELLWORK: August 28 th

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  1. BELLWORK: August 28th • Today we are going to start our study of the Indus River Valley civilization. To begin, read “The Impact of Geography” on pages 36-37 and answer the following: • List three geographical features that impacted the development of the Indus River Valley civilization. • How did the Indian climate impact farming? • Describe the customary practice of suttee. (pg. 39) What does this tell you about gender roles in India? • THINKER: Why is it important to study world religions in history class?

  2. August 29th: No bellwork today! To start  Look at the map on page 37 and be ready to discuss the “geography connection” questions. We will begin our study of the Indus River Valley civilization shortly!

  3. South Asian Civilization arose in 2500B.C. Rivers: Indus & Ganges Mountain ranges: Hindu Kush & Himalayas Two major cities: Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro Two major groups: Harappans (3000BC-1500BC) & Aryans (1500BC-600BC) Indus River Valley Civilization Discuss  How would India’s unique geography impact the development of civilization?

  4. Harappa

  5. Mohenjo-Daro

  6. Why is this important? • The Indus River Valley was the largest of all early river valley civilizations! • It’s location and development of cities spurred widespread trade and the spread of ideas. • It also led to several achievements that still impact modern cultures today – Sanskrit, Buddhism & Hinduism. • To learn more about the Indus River Valley civilization, read pages 37-39; 108-111 and complete the worksheet for notes! • Do not fill in the Caste System chart yet!

  7. Let’s Review! • To review the key aspects of the Indus River Valley, I will pose five questions. • In your group, discuss the questions. Use this as review! Stay engaged and participate! • Write your answer on the white board. • After everyone is finished, we will go over the answers as a class. • You will be able to add/edit to your notes

  8. Describe three achievements of the Harappan civilization.

  9. Harappan Civilization • Urban centers were well planned & organized • Streets, wells = availability of water, trash/sewage disposal • Production of clay pots, bronze, jewelry, and cotton • Traded with people of Mesopotamia • How did the Harappan civilization end? • Harappan Civilization collapsed by 1500 B.C. • Severe climate changes (heat & flooding) • Natural disasters (earthquake) • Foreign migration (searching for better/more land)

  10. Who were the Aryans? How did they come to power?

  11. The Aryans (1500-600 BC) • Nomadic people from the North (Indo-European) • Migrated south & settled where Harappa used to be (over centuries) • Called themselves Aryans (“noble people”) • Warriors – took over the area

  12. List three aspects of the Aryan Culture.

  13. The Aryans (1500-600 BC) • Sanskrit language • Domesticated horses for military use • Iron plow & weapons • Rise of Hinduism (polytheistic) • Brought order and organization to society (Family unit, gender roles, caste system) • Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, lived here and started the faith of Buddhism 

  14. What is the Caste System? How do the concepts of Karma & Reincarnation contribute to the system?

  15. Important Terms • Varna • Caste System • Karma • Reincarnation

  16. Fill in the caste system diagram in your notes!!!

  17. BELLWORK: 8/31 • In your opinion, what is the worst aspect of the Caste System? Why? • If this system is so restrictive, why do millions of people still follow it? • What would need to happen in order to successfully abolish the Caste System? • THINKER: What is a philosophy? How is this different than religion?

  18. The Caste System • The Aryans developed a social system consisting of four main social classes or varnas. • This system became the foundation of Hinduism. • Each varna had it’s own duties. • Brahmin • Kshatriyas • Vaisyas • Sudras • Dalit (Untouchables) • Based on their religious beliefs, if one had good karma, they could be reincarnated into a higher caste. (does not apply to untouchables) • Only men could go to school & teach; women had no rights

  19. BELLWORK: 8/31 • List three beliefs of Hinduism. • In your opinion, what is the worst aspect of the Caste System? Why? • THINKER: What is a philosophy? How is this different than religion?

  20. Important Terms • Varna • Caste System • Karma • Reincarnation

  21. Hindu & Caste System Video Clips • Caste System explained & comparison to Egypt: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SV78-ad8tpw • Reincarnation • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KloXPIDYwII • The Untouchable Kids of India (start at 1:00) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J2kXQgSKI6w

  22. Ancient China

  23. Chinese Civilizations • Formed along the Huang He (Yellow) and Chang Jiang (Yangtze) Rivers. • Isolate/protected by mountains, deserts and distance. • Ancient China was ruled by dynasties

  24. Chinese Civilizations • Ancient China was ruled by two dynasties: • Shang dynasty: 1750BC – 1045BC • Zhou dynasty: 1045BC – 256BC

  25. Discussion • What is a philosophy? How is this different than religion?

  26. Daoism vs. Confucianism?? Confucianism Daoism https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZ5IDLtcvko

  27. Reading: Ancient China Pages 40-44 Pages 130-132 Chinese Philosophies and Schools of Thought Confucianism vs. Daoism Save this for Wednesday! • Read about the Shang and Zhou dynasties • Describe government, technology, culture, religion and decline • Summarize the main points!

  28. BELLWORK: 9/5 • How did the Shang dynasty rule China? • List three achievements of the Shang. • Describe the transition from the Shang to the Zhou dynasty. • What was the Mandate of Heaven? How was this tied to dynastic rulers? • List three achievements of the Zhou.

  29. How did the Shang dynasty rule China?

  30. Shang Dynasty • 1750BC – 1045BC • Government was based off land ownership • King appointed leaders to rule local territories (aristocracy) • Religion: Believed in the afterlife and worshiped ancestors; believed priests could communicate with gods (oracle bones) • Used large armies, bronze weapons and chariots to conquer territory • Cultural achievements: bronze objects, ivory, silk, pottery, and the creation of cities. • Describe the transition from the Shang to the Zhou dynasty.

  31. Zhou Dynasty • List three achievements of the Zhou dynasty. • In 1045BC, the Shang king was killed (tyrant!) and a new dynasty came to power, the Zhou. (JOH) • Ruled by the Mandate of Heaven • Priests had the authority to call upon the gods and predict the future • Agricultural system: nobles owned the land and peasants worked it. • Technological advances: roads, horses, cross-bow, iron plows, irrigation & expanded foreign trade (silk) • Under the Zhou, China became the most populated country in the world. • After 800 years of rule, internal violence & civil wars challenged the king’s rule.

  32. Chinese Philosophies • During this period of extreme instability, two Chinese philosophies emerge in an attempt to restore order in society. • Confucianism & Daoism • For the next part of class, fill out the Chinese Philosophies and Schools of Thought column on your worksheet. • These philosophies are two of the most important contributions during the Zhou dynasty and are still practiced throughout China today. • Be ready to discuss!

  33. Confucianism • Towards end of Zhou dynasty, gov. lost control, civil wars, lost values = DISORDER! • Confucius aimed to restore order • Social Order had to be maintained • Everyone had duties/responsibilities they must follow • Family Values • Filial Piety: Respect for parents/ancestors • Analects • Teachings of Confucius = 5 million followers!

  34. Daoism Dao = the way or path • Lao Tzu studied with Confucius and also wanted to focus on self-improvement, but not social order/roles or politics • Argued a natural force unites all things and all humans should strive to live in harmony with nature • Do things the natural way, don’t waste time, live simply, reflect, don’t impose rules = everyone should find their own path • Yin & Yang: world is filled with opposing forces that must be in harmony with one another a

  35. BELLWORK: September 6th • Read about Buddhism on pages 112-115 and answer the following: • Describe Siddhartha’s early life. What made him leave? • What is nirvana? How does one achieve this? • Two key aspects of Buddhist belief are The “Four Noble Truths” and “The Middle Path.” Read those beliefs and then summarize three you think are most important. • How did Siddhartha challenge Hinduism? • THINKER: Why is Buddhism classified as a philosophy and NOT a religion?

  36. “The way to happiness is: keep your heart free from hate, your mind from worry. Live simply, give much. Fill your life with love. Do as you would be done by.” (Buddha)

  37. September 7th • No bellwork today! • We are going to spending the period reviewing the four Ancient River Valley civilizations. • Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus River Valley, China • Be ready!

  38. Ancient River Valley Civilizations

  39. Venn Diagram: India vs. China

  40. Vocab Squares: Asian Civilization Beliefs • To start: divide your paper into eight squares. • Each term = 4 squares • Caste System, Confucianism, Daoism & Buddhism • Each square is dedicated to a different task and is meant to further your understanding of an important historical concept. • These need to be summarized and in your own words! Show your understanding!

  41. TERM

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