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Tissues

Tissues. Ch 4. Tissues. Major Tissue Types. Tissues are groups of cells with a common function. Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue Muscle Tissue Nervous Tissue. Tissues. Germ Layers. All tissue types are derived from 3 primary germ layers. Endoderm Mesoderm Ectoderm. Germ layers.

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Tissues

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  1. Tissues Ch 4

  2. Tissues Major Tissue Types Tissues are groups of cells with a common function. • Epithelial Tissue • Connective Tissue • Muscle Tissue • Nervous Tissue

  3. Tissues Germ Layers All tissue types are derived from 3 primary germ layers • Endoderm • Mesoderm • Ectoderm

  4. Germ layers

  5. Fates of Primary Germ Layers • Endoderm- internal lining of the gut and respiratory pathways, liver, pancreas • Mesoderm- notochord (in chordates), dermis, blood vessels, heart, bones, cartilage, muscle • Ectoderm- hair, nails, epidermis, brain, nerves

  6. Cell Junctions Contact points between the plasma membrane of tissue cells. • Tight Junction • fluid tight seal • prevents fluid from leaving a cavity • Anchoring Junction (adherens, desmosome & hemidesmosome) • tissues that stretch, ex. Heart muscle • Gap Junction • passage of chemical & electrical signals

  7. Cell Junctions Gap Junction Tight Junction Adherens Hemidesmosome Desmosome

  8. Epithelial Tissues • Epithelia comes in 2 forms: • Glandular epithelia • Membranous epithelia • Functions: • Protection • Absorption • Filtration • Excretion • Secretion • Sensory reception

  9. Exocrine Gland ducted glands • Multicellular exocrine gland: most have supportive connective tissue, secretory unit, blood supply, nerves • Merocrine- pancreas, sweat glands, salivary • Holocrine- sebaceous • Apocrine- sweat glands, mammary glands Merocrine gland Holocrine gland

  10. Exocrine Gland Unicellular exocrine gland:single cells scattered in an epithelial sheet amid cells w/other functions Goblet cells

  11. Multicellular Exocrine Gland Sebaceous Sweat glands Liver Lg intestine Gastric Cowper’s Mammary Acinar of pancreas

  12. Exocrine vs Endocrine Gland Secretes product directly directly in blood Secretes product through duct

  13. Classification of Epithelia

  14. Epithelial Tissues • Simple Squamous Epithelium • Simple Cuboidal Epithelium • Simple Columnar Epithelium • Stratified Epithelium • Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium • Transitional Epithelium

  15. Tissues

  16. Simple Squamous Epithelium Function: gas exchange in lungs Location: lines blood vessels, lymph vessels and various membranes within the thorax and abdomen

  17. Simple Squamous Cells Frog skin

  18. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Function: secretion and absorption Location: kidney tubules

  19. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Mammalian kidney

  20. Simple Columnar Epithelium Function: protection, secretion and absorption (associated w/goblet cells-exocrine) Location: lines uterus and digestive tract

  21. Simple Columnar Epithelium 1. Smooth muscle (long. layer) 2. Smooth muscle (circ. layer) 3. Simple columnar epithelium 4. Goblet cell 5. Lumen of the intestine Cross section of small intestine

  22. Stratified Squamous Epithelium Function: protects underlying cells from harmful env. effects Location: covers skin, lines mouth and throat, vagina, and anal canal

  23. Stratified Squamous Epithelium 1. Stratified squamous epithelium 2. Lumen of the esophagus 3. Connective tissue Cross section of esophagus

  24. cornified layer of dead cells stratified squamous epithelium Epidermis of the Skin

  25. goblet cell Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Function: secretion and propulsion of mucus Location: lines respiratory and reproductive system

  26. Stratified Columnar Epithelium Function: protection and secretion Location: rare in body, small amount in male urethra and in large ducts of some glands

  27. Transitional Epithelium Function: stretches Location: lines ureters, bladder and part of urethra

  28. Connective Tissues • Loose Connective Tissue • Dense Connective Tissue • Adipose Tissue • Cartilage • Bone • Blood

  29. Connective Tissues • Functions: • Connects body parts • Protection • Insulation • Transport substances • Common characteristics: • All originate from mesenchyme • Well vascularized • Extracellular matrix • Three main elements: • Ground substance • Fibers • Cells

  30. Connective Tissues • Ground Substance: • Water • Polysaccharide • Protein

  31. Connective Tissues • Fibers: • Reticular • Elastic • Collagen

  32. Connective Tissues • Cell Types: • Fibroblast • Chondroblast • Osteoblasts • Macrophages • Plasma Cells • Mast Cells • Adipocytes • White Blood Cells

  33. Loose Connective Tissues

  34. Embryonic Connective Tissue

  35. Loose Connective Tissue(areolar) 1. Collagen fiber 2. Elastic fiber • Subcutaneous layer underlying tissues & organs

  36. Location: lymphoid organs- spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow

  37. Adipose Tissue • Stores triglycerides • Good insulator • Supports & protects organs

  38. Adipose Tissue

  39. Dense Connective Tissue • Forms tendons & ligaments

  40. Dense Regular Connective Tissue Cross section of tendon

  41. Dense Irregular Connective Tissue Dermis of skin • In fascia and periosteum of bone

  42. Cartilage

  43. Hyaline Cartilage Costal cartilage between ribs

  44. elastic fibers Elastic Cartilage chondrocytes in lacunae

  45. collagen fibers chondrocyte in lacuna Fibrocartilage Invertebral discs, pubic symphysis, disks of knees

  46. Bone spongy bone Compact bone

  47. Compact Bone

  48. osteocytes in lacunae canaliculi in matrix central canal Compact Bone

  49. Blood leukocytes erythrocytes

  50. Muscle Tissue • Skeletal Muscle Tissue • Smooth Muscle Tissue • Cardiac Muscle Tissue

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