Exploration and the Colombian Exchange
Chapter 16 delves into the motives behind European exploration and colonization of the Americas, highlighting the pursuit of Gold, Glory, and God. As Europeans sought to circumvent Ottoman power, they embarked on maritime journeys using advanced navigational technologies and weaponry. Key players like Portugal and Spain expanded their empires by claiming territories, while the Colombian Exchange dramatically transformed the world. This chapter further explores the devastating impacts on indigenous populations, economic shifts towards mercantilism, and the ethical implications of these historical actions.
Exploration and the Colombian Exchange
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Presentation Transcript
Exploration and the Colombian Exchange Chapter 16 The World Economy
Do Now: • What were the motives for and the results of the European exploration and colonization of the Americas?
Motives: (Gold, Glory, God) • Wanted to avoid the Ottomans and their growing power in the Middle East • Needed gold to pay for Asian spices • Why Europe? • Used explosives as gunnery (guns and cannons) • “unprecedented ability to kill and intimidate from a distance” • Compass and astrolabe • better ships (deep-draft round hulled sailing ships), and mapmaking skills • Desire for goods from East What motivated Europeans to explore the Atlantic?
Italian city-states were wealthy and had access to the east and favorable trade agreements with the Muslims • Mediterranean ships were ill-suited for weather in Atlantic Ocean • Iberians had a history of hostility with the Muslims (Ferdinand and Isabella) and did not have direct access to Med. trade • Missionary zeal Why did the Iberians lead the way?
Portugal: • Prince Henry the Navigator sponsored many of the voyages • Sailors rounded tip of Africa into Indian Ocean • Sail to Brazil and claim it for Portugal • Forts along coast of Africa • Spain • Columbus, sailing west ended up in the West Indies (Hispaniola) • Magellan- crew circumnavigated the globe and claimed the Philippines Iberians lead the way….
Dutch- SE Asia, Indonesia • British- North America, Caribbean 1588-British beat the Spanish Armada • French-North America and Caribbean • Dutch East India Company & British East India Company- given gov’t monopolies on trade with little regulation Northern Europeans Join In
Why did the Europeans begin to look for a new water route to Asia? • What technology enabled this to happen? • Why did the Iberians lead the charge? • What was the initial impact of their voyages? REVIEW
Diseases wiped out 80% of indigenous people or more in some areas • Spread crops, animals, and flora –led to population increases • Europeans began to dominate oceanic shipping (Battle of Lepanto- Spanish defeated Ottomans, 1571) • Europeans established ports along the coast of Africa and formed enclaves of western traders in other areas • Coercive labor systems increased in dependent zones Impact of the Colombian Exchange
Mercantilism emerged-colonies are for the good of the mother country/export more than you import (favorable balance) • Core nations Vs. dependent zones • Protectionist tariffs • Europeans began to conquer and colonize (motivated by desire for profit, need to escape religious persecution, and ambition)…Pizarro and the Inca • Competition between European powers increased (Seven Years War)
EXIT QUESTION: Was Columbus’ “Discovery” of the Americas and the subsequent colonization Genocide????
