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A Perfected Art:

A Perfected Art:. Church Polyphony in the Late Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries. Josquin des Prez (ca. 1450–1521 ). “Master of the notes: They must do as he wills” Martin Luther

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A Perfected Art:

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  1. A Perfected Art: Church Polyphony in the Late Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries

  2. Josquin des Prez(ca. 1450–1521) • “Master of the notes: They must do as he wills” • Martin Luther • Creator of the Arsperfecta “to which nothing can be added, after which nothing but decline is to be expected” • HenricusGlareanus (1488–1563)

  3. Humanism • Renewed interest in the study of Ancient texts • Music as a branch of poetic eloquence

  4. Dodecachordon(1547) • Glareanus • Recognition of four additional modes • Ionian, Hypoionian • Aeolian, Hypoaeolian

  5. Josquin’s Career • From 1475: chapel choir of René, King of Sicily and Duke of Anjou, in Aix-en-Provence • 1489: papal choir in Rome • 1502: music director for Duke Ercoled’Este, in Ferrara • Missa Hercules Dux Ferrariae • Soggettocavatodallevocali (theme carved out of vowels)

  6. A Model Masterpiece • Josquin’sAve maria [Anthology 1-47] • Words and melody from the Annunciation sequence • Equal-voice polyphonic setting • Declamation, syntax, and semantic

  7. Imitations • Ludwig Senfl (ca. 1486–1543), Ave Maria …Virgo serena • Antoine de Févin (ca. 1470–1512), Mass on Ave Maria … Virgo serena • Imitation Mass

  8. Josquin, Benedictaes, coelorum [Anthology 1-48] • Six-voice motet based on chant sequence for the Feast of the Annunciation of the Virgin • Cantus firmus writing

  9. All Is Known • Ars perfecta • Le istitutioniharmoniche (1558) • GioseffoZarlino (1517–1590) • Triad as “harmoniaperfetta” (“The Perfect Harmony”)

  10. The “Post-Josquin” Generation • Jacobus Clemens (1510–1556) “Clemens non papa” • Souterliedekens • 150 Psalms paraphrased into Dutch verse • Metrical psalms • contrafactum

  11. The “Post-Josquin” Generation • AdrainWillaert (1490–1562) • Benedictaes, coelorumregina (published 1545) [Anthology 1-50] • Motet

  12. The New Instrumental Music • ricercare • Cori spezzati(split choirs)

  13. Palestrina and the Ecumenical Tradition • GionvanniPierluigida Palestrina (1525–1594) • Worked in papal service under 11 successive popes • 104 complete settings of the Ordinary • Approximately 400 motets • Vesper hymns and a complete cycle of Mass Offertories • Two books of madrigals

  14. Palestrina’s MissaPapaeMarcelli • From second book of Masses (published 1567) • [Anthology 1-51a,b,c] • Council of Trent

  15. Palestrina’s Tuisuntcoeli [Anthology 1-52] • From the book of Offertories (published 1594)

  16. “Stairway to Parnassus” • stile antico“old style” • Gradus as Parnassum (1725) • Johann Joseph Fux (1660–1741) • Music theory treatise derived from Palestrina’s style

  17. Alternatives to Perfection • Henry VIII • Anglican Music • Church of England • John Taverner (1490–1545) • Thomas Tallis (1505–1585)

  18. The Recusant William Byrd(1543–1623) • Catholic serving in the chapel royal • Cantiones quae abargumentosacraevocantur • Published jointly with Tallis (1575) • Motets

  19. The Recusant William Byrd(1543–1623) • Settings of forbidden liturgical texts • Mass Ordinary settings • “Agnus Dei” from Mass in Four Parts [Anthology 1-53a] • “Agnus Dei” from Mass in Five Parts [Anthology 1-53b]

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