The End of Reconstruction

1. The End of Reconstruction

2. By 1876, Reconstruction in the South had been going on for ________ years and the Union Army maintained its control over most of the Southern States. As a result of on going Reconstruction and what they saw as the North’s attempt to force changes in their society, the hatred of both the North and _____________ grew among southern whites. Most white southerners waited for the day when the army would leave and they could reassert their power over the African Americans. 11 years Freedmen

3. Gains made by African Americans in the South by 1876: 1. ______ Amendment Outlawed Slavery 2. The ________________ _______________ helped to educated thousand of freed slaves Because of the protection of the Army and the ______ amendment , African-Americans could exercise their right to ___________ Some African Americans were able to serve in both state and federal government positions. By the early 1870’s, President Grant had been able to break the power of the ________ 13th Freedman’s Bureau 14th Vote KKK

4. Freedmen’s Bureau School Freedmen Voting

5. The Beginning of the End Because of a number of _________________ in the Grant administration and declining interest in the North, Reconstruction’s days were numbered. The End would come with the election of _________ Scandals 1876

6. President Grant

7. The Election of 1876 Rutherford B. Hayes The Republican Nominee (The Party of the North) Samuel Tilden The Democratic Nominee (The Party of the South)

8. -When the popular votes were counted, Tilden had won by about ____________________ votes but he was ________ electoral vote short of a majority. -Even though it appeared Tilden won, there were disputed election results in the three Southern states of ________________ _______________ and ____________. -If Hayes could somehow win the three contested states he would get 20 electoral votes and defeat Tilden my one electoral vote 185 to 184. 250,000 one Florida S. Carolina Louisiana

9. In the end, a deal was struck between Republicans and Democrats in Congress. In exchange for ending Reconstruction, the Democrats would agree to award all three disputed states to Hayes – thus giving him one more electoral vote than Tilden and the victory. Hayes became President and the North withdrew the troops and ended Reconstruction.

10. Election Results 1876

11. The End of Reconstruction With the end of Reconstruction and withdraw of Federal Troops, the Southern whites were free to regain “control” of their society. -Democrats began calling themselves __________________ because they saved the South from the Republicans. -Social Services and aid to freedmen were cut (education). -The rights of African-Americans were limited by: -____________ taxes – a payment to vote -_______________ tests – proving you could read to vote. -_______________________ clauses- showing your father or grandfather had voted prior to Reconstruction. Redeemers Poll Literacy Grandfather

13. Other laws aimed at taking rights from African-Americans and “controlling” them: _____________ _______________ laws – or segregation – were laws aimed at keeping blacks and whites separated in almost all public places. When African-Americans attempted to challenge these laws, the Supreme Court in the case ______________ v ___________ sided with the states and said separate facilities in public are legal as long as they are _________________ Jim Crow Plessy Ferguson Equal

16. One final result of the end of Reconstruction was that Southern Whites were now free to take revenge and use violence against African-Americans that challenged the new rules of society. Violence and threats were the main ways that Southerners maintained control.

17. Southern Violence

18. 1976 1950

19. With the legalization of segregation and the threat of violence now firmly established, Southern blacks were destined to become second class citizens with few if any rights for the next 90 years. It would not be until the ____________that African-Americans began to receive the full rights granted to all Americans. If only the Radicals had listened to Lincoln 1960’s