Infancy

1. Infancy Allyson Bortoletto 4/8/14 Psychology Tara Holloway

2. Physical and motor development Maturation: the internally programmed growth of a child. • 3 months - able to lift her/his head. • 4 months – smile • 5 to 6 months- grasp objects • 5 to 10 months- crawling • If infant is able to stand then she/he is ready to walk • Some infants started to walk early- 9 months or i12 to 13 months. The latest is 18 months. • Because some infants are active from birth, some are quiet, cuddly, or stiff. • By the end of the year infants will weigh 20 or 25 pounds

4. Perceptual abilities and intelligence • Infants prefer looking at human faces and patterned materials. • At 30 weeks, they will smile readily when they see someone familiar. • 7 or 8 months, infants will be able to recognize the different people. • Depth perception with checkerboard pattern

5. Perceptual abilities and intelligence

6. The development of attachment and caregiver Attachment- a caregiver and infant develop a deep, caring, close, and continuing emotional bond • At six months, attachment between mothers and infant is developed. • When they are able to notice one person to another and develop object performance. • The bond will be stronger between 6 months and 3 years. • When attachment is that strong, any disruption like strangers can be disturbing for infant.

7. Emotions • When mothers and infants develop their attachment and infants’ emotions are altered. For instance, when 1 year old meets a stranger and mother is around, the child will have stranger anxiety. But if the mother is nearby the child the anxiety disappears. • Separation anxiety will take place if the child is immediately separated from the mother. • But if the separation between the child and the mother continues, the child will develop psychological disorders.

8. Psychological disorders • Secure attachment: welcomes and free of anger after mom comes back after leaving • Avoidant attachment: avoiding or ignoring her/his mother when she leaves and returns • Resistant attachment: aren’t upset when mother leave but act angrily when mother returns • Disorganized attachment: behave inconsistently. They will be confused and may not to be upset when mother leaves but avoiding her when she returns

9. Object performance

10. Development of communication and language • Children will learn and imitate speech from their parents or older siblings. • At age 1, the child will begin to babble. For instance (dada and mama) • At age 2, the child will progress to say many words; speaks more than one word. For example (more ball, jenny go? And no ball) • At 2 years old children have a vocabulary of at least 50 words.

11. Development of communication and language • 18 months to 5 years of age, children will add 5 to 10 words a day. • Children’s grammar at age 2 is called telegraphic speech: the kind of verbal words in which words are left out but meaning is usually clear. For example (“Where my apple?” “Daddy fall down.” “And daddy goed yesterday.” • Their ability with words will continue to grow with their thinking and understanding things. • By age 2 ½, the child should be able to communicate but if not then see a doctor.

12. Reference Kasschau, Richard A.. Understanding psychology. New York: Glencoe, 1995. Print.