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HSPA Science Review

HSPA Science Review. Biology and Physics. Biology. Match the molecule to the function: DNA, RNA A. High energy compounds, not water soluble 2. Fats (lipids) B. Contains and transfers genetic information 3. Carbohydrates C. Energy carrier in cell

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HSPA Science Review

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  1. HSPA Science Review Biology and Physics

  2. Biology Match the molecule to the function: DNA, RNA A. High energy compounds, not water soluble 2. Fats (lipids) B. Contains and transfers genetic information 3. Carbohydrates C. Energy carrier in cell Proteins D. C, H, & O compounds used as energy source ATP E. Builds all cell structures

  3. Biology Solutions DNA, RNA A. High energy compounds, not water soluble 2. Fats (lipids) B. Contains and transfers genetic information 3. Carbohydrates C. Energy carrier in cell Proteins D. C, H, & O compounds used as energy source ATP E. Builds all cell structures

  4. Biology A photon (little packet of light energy) excites an electron in chlorophyll because chlorophyll has the ability to directly absorb light energy in a usable form. This is part of the light reaction. A green plant then uses that energy to split water molecules, combine carbon dioxide molecules into 3-carbon molecules, and two of these combine to build a molecule of glucose, C6H12O6. This occurs during the dark (does not need light) reaction of photosynthesis. The light energy is now chemical energy in the bonds of glucose and is the reason that plants are the producers or energy suppliers at the bottom of the food chain.

  5. Biology A squirrel in the woods of Pennsylvania has a litter of offspring. 4 of the offspring are reddish-brown in fur color. A mutation caused the other 4 offspring to have white fur. Which of the offspring will have the best chance of surviving to reproduce? Explain.

  6. Biology A squirrel in the woods of Pennsylvania has a litter of offspring. 4 of the offspring are reddish-brown in fur color. A mutation caused the other 4 offspring to have white fur. Which of the offspring will have the best chance of surviving to reproduce? Explain. Solution: The white offspring will have difficulty hiding due to the light color of their fur. As a result they with have a very difficult time reaching maturity to reproduce. The reddish-brown ones will blend in and have a much greater chance of reproducing.

  7. Biology Which of the following are the nitrogenous bases of DNA? Cytosine Guanine Uracil Alanine Thymine Adenine Phenylalanine

  8. Biology The nitrogenous bases of DNA are: Cytosine Guanine E. Thymine F. Adenine

  9. Biology The genetic code in DNA is contained in: Single bases Base pairs Hydrogen bonds Triplet codes

  10. Biology Solution: The genetic code in DNA is contained in: Triplet codes

  11. Biology Solution: The genetic code in DNA is contained in: Triplet codes Each sequence of three bases (ACG, TCA, AGA, etc.) codes for one of the twenty amino acids, which are the alphabet of proteins. Proteins build cell structure and enzymes.

  12. Biology How are mRNA and tRNA involved in getting the genetic code from DNA into a functional protein at the ribosome?

  13. Biology How are mRNA and tRNA involved in getting the genetic code from DNA into a functional protein at the ribosome? Solution: The mRNA is formed when the DNA (double stranded) unzips in the nucleus. The triplet code is transferred to the mRNA. The mRNA leaves the nucleus and travels to the ribosome. A tRNA (which has a triplet code) picks up an amino acid and brings it to the ribosome. If the tRNA triplet is complementary to the mRNA triplet (ex: CCC to GGG) the ribosome keeps the amino acid and starts to build the protein. This continues until the protein or polypeptide is built from the mRNA.

  14. Biology RNA has one different base than DNA. The base, uracil or U, replaces which base in DNA? Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine

  15. Biology RNA has one different base than DNA. The base, uracil or U, replaces which base in DNA? B. Thymine Example: DNA CGA ATT GCG mRNA GCU UAA CGC tRNA CGA AUU GCG

  16. Biology Mistakes or mutations can happen in the genetic code. If one base changes, it can change the amino acid and the resulting protein. The change can be beneficial or it can be detrimental to the organism. Beneficial ones may make the organism survive better. Detrimental ones may make the organism less hardy. AUU codes for isoleucine in mRNA. If the last U mutates to an A, AUA codes for asparagine, which could change the entire protein.

  17. Genetics Tall (T) dominates short (t). A homozygous tall (TT) plant is crossed with a short plant (tt). What per cent of the offspring are short?

  18. Genetics Tall (T) dominates short (t). A homozygous tall (TT) plant is crossed with a short plant (tt). What per cent of the offspring are short? Solution: 0% short TT x tt T T t Tt Tt t Tt Tt All offspring are Tt or tall. Therefore no short.

  19. Genetics Tall (T) dominates short (t). Two heterozygous talls (Tt) are crossed. What per cent of the offspring are short?

  20. Genetics Tall (T) dominates short (t). Two heterozygous talls (Tt) are crossed. What per cent of the offspring are short? Solution: 25% short Tt x Tt T t T TT Tt t Tt tt 3 of 4 offspring are Tt or TT or tall. Therefore 1/4 or 25% are short.

  21. Genetics Straight (S) co-dominates with curly (C). SC is wavy. Two wavys (SC) are crossed.. What per cent of the offspring are wavy?

  22. Genetics Straight (S) co-dominates with curly (C). SC is wavy. Two wavys (SC) are crossed. What per cent of the offspring are wavy? Solution: 50% wavy SC x SC S C S SS SC C SC CC Since wavy is SC, Therefore 1/2 or 50% are wavy. 1/4 or 25% are straight (SS) and 1/4 or 25% are curly (CC).

  23. Genetics Males are XY and females are XX. Show why that there should be 50 % males and 50 % females from births.

  24. Genetics Males are XY and females are XX. Show why that there should be 50 % males and 50 % females from births. Solution: 50% male, 50% female XY x XX X Y X XX XY X XX XY In a large population, 1/2 the population will be males and 1/2 will be females as shown by the Punnet square.

  25. Physics F = m x a Or Force = Mass x Acceleration (Newtons) Kg meters/sec2

  26. Physics F = m x a What is the force of a 10 Kg object moving at 2 m/sec2?

  27. Physics F = m x a What is the force of a 10 Kg object moving at 2 m/sec2? Solution ? F Newtons = 10 Kg x 2 m/sec2 Or 20 N

  28. Physics F = m x a What acceleration will a 15 Kg object have if a force of 30 Newtons on it?

  29. Physics F = m x a What acceleration will a 15 Kg object have if a force of 30 Newtons on it? Solution 30 Newtons = 15 Kg x ? m/sec2 Or 2 m/sec2

  30. Physics F = m x a What mass will have an accelaration of 5 m/sec2 if a force of 30 Newtons is on it?

  31. Physics F = m x a What mass will have an accelaration of 5 m/sec2 if a force of 30 Newtons is on it? Solution 30 Newtons = ? Kg x 5 m/sec2 Or 6 Kg

  32. Physics If you push against the wall with a force of 5 N, what force does the wall push back with?

  33. Physics If you push against the wall with a force of 5 N, what force does the wall push back with? Solution: Newton’s 3rd Law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. The wall pushes back with a force of 5 N!

  34. Physics Gravity is a universal force of attraction between any two objects.

  35. Physics Gravity is a universal force of attraction between any two objects. Gravity is proportional to the masses of the objects! The larger the masses, the greater the gravitational attraction.

  36. Physics Gravity is a universal force of attraction between any two objects. Gravity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the objects. If the distance doubles between two objects, the gravitational attraction DECREASES by 4!

  37. Physics Moving electric charges produces magnetic forces. And conversely Moving magnets produces electric forces. (What a generatordoes!)

  38. Electromagnetic Radiation Waves of energy moving through space at the speed of light. Electromagnetic radiations differ in wavelength and frequency. Higher frequency had shorter wavelength. Lower frequency has longer wavelength.

  39. Electromagnetic Radiation Arrange the 7 main electromagnetic radiations from longest to shortest wavelengths. Visible Light Microwaves Gamma Rays Radio waves Infrared rays Ultraviolet rays X rays

  40. Electromagnetic Radiation Arrange the 7 main electromagnetic radiations from longest to shortest wavelengths. Visible Light Longest Radio waves Microwaves Microwaves Gamma Rays Infrared Radio waves Visible Light Infrared Light Ultraviolet Light Ultraviolet Light X Rays X rays Shortest Gamma Rays

  41. Electromagnetic Radiation Visible Light is made up of the spectrum of colors: ROY G BIV Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, & Violet 700 nm 400 nm

  42. The End! Science rules!

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