EARLY ABUSE AND NEGLECT

1. EARLY ABUSE AND NEGLECT HOW TO HELP THESE CHILDREN

2. CHILD ABUSE “Causing or permitting any harmful or offensive contact on a child's body; and, any communication or transaction of any kind which humiliates, shames, or frightens the child. Some child development experts go a bit further, and define child abuse as any act or omission, which fails to nurture or in the upbringing of the children.” "Allah has revealed to me, that you must be humble. No one should boast over one another, and no one should oppress another.“ (Iyad b. Hinar al-Mujashi: Muslim)

3. Types of Abuse Physical Abuse (the battered child) Neglect. ( Physical, educational & emotional neglect) Commercial or other exploitation of a child Sexual Child Abuse Emotional Abuse

4. Emotional Abuse (also known as verbal abuse, mental abuse, and psychological maltreatment); confinement in a closet or dark room, threatening or terrorizing a child. Physical Abuse The inflicting of physical injury upon a child. This may include, burning, hitting, punching, shaking, kicking, beating Sexual Abuse The inappropriate sexual behaviour with a child. It includes fondling a child’s genitals, making the child fondle the adult’s genitals, intercourse, incest, rape & sodomy,

5. Neglect The failure to provide for the child’s basic needs. Physical: include not providing adequate food or clothing, abandonment Educational: failure to provide appropriate schooling or special educational needs Psychological: the lack of any emotional support and love Exploitation Refers to use of the child in work or other activities for the benefit of others.  This includes, but is not limited to, child labour and child prostitution

6. PREDISPOSING & CONTRIBUTORY FACTORS • The characteristics of the child which predispose him to abuse • The characteristics of the parents which make them prone to strike out • The environment which subsumes all circumstances which trigger off abuse

7. Child’s Characteristics…. • Premature birth and low-birth weight • Mental retardation • Age; younger children • Child’s behaviour

8. Parent’s Characteristics… • Low self-esteem parents • Dictatorial parents • Psychologically injured

9. Environment… • Lack of knowledge on childcare • Poverty • Nature of today’s work and organisation • The ‘Special Child’

10. CAUSES OF ABUSE Poverty Drugs Alcohol Death of a family member Mental illness Family dysfunction STRESS Interrelated

11. physical emotional sexual neglect Child abuse is…

12. Signs of Physical Abuse “Abuse nobody, and if a man abuse thee, and lay upon a vice which he knoweth in thee; then do not disclose one which thou knowest in him” (Saying of The Prophet, Hadith)

13. Physical Indicators • Unexplained bruises and welts • Unexplained burns • Rope burns • Infected burns indicating delay in treatment

14. Behavioural Indicators • Behavioural extremes • Inappropriate or excessive fear of parent or caretaker. • Antisocial behaviour • Unbelievable or inconsistent explanation for injuries. • Lies unusually still while surveying surroundings (for infants) • Unusual shyness, wariness of physical contact

15. Signs of Sexual Abuse

16. Physical Indicators • Torn, stained or bloody underclothes • Frequent, unexplained sore throats, yeast or urinary infections • Somatic complaints, including pain and irritation of the genitals • Sexually transmitted diseases • Bruises or bleeding from external genitalia, vagina or anal region • Pregnancy

17. Behavioural Indicators • The victim's disclosure of sexual abuse. • Regressive behaviours • Promiscuity or seductive behaviours • Disturbed sleep patterns • Unusual and age-inappropriate interest in sexual matters • Avoidance of undressing or wearing extra layers of clothes • Sudden decline in school performance, truancy • Difficulty in walking or sitting

18. Signs of Emotional Abuse

19. Physical Indicators • Eating disorders, including obesity or anorexia • Speech disorders • Developmental delays in the acquisition of speech or motor skills • Weight or height level substantially below norm • Flat or bald spots on head (infants) • Nervous disorders

20. Behavioural Indicators • Habit disorders • Cruel behaviour • Age-inappropriate behaviours • Behavioural extremes

21. Signs of Neglect "You will not enter paradise until you have faith; and you will not complete your faith till you love one another.“ (Muslim)

22. Physical Indicators • Poor hygiene, including lice, scabies, severe or untreated diaper rash, bedsores, body odour. • Squinting. • Unsuitable clothing; missing key articles of clothing (underwear, socks, shoes); overdressed or underdressed for climate conditions. • Untreated injury or illness. • Lack of immunizations. • Indicators of prolonged exposure to elements (excessive sunburn, insect bites, colds). • Height and weight significantly below age level.

23. Behavioural Indicators • Unusual school attendance. • Chronic absenteeism. • Chronic hunger, tiredness, or exhaustion. • Begging for or collecting leftovers. • Assuming adult responsibilities. • Reporting no caretaker at home.

24. HOW TO HELP THESE CHILDREN???

25. Restore the psychological functioning of the possible perpetrator • Discipline your children thoughtfully. Never discipline your child when you are upset. Discipline is a verb meaning "to teach.“ • Know what child abuse is. Physical and sexual abuse clearly constitute maltreatment, but so does neglect, or the failure of parents or other caregivers to provide a child with needed food, clothing, and care. • New Parents Arrange for time away from the baby.

26. Decompress before you get home. If you work outside the home, don't let your work troubles, the commute and other hassles bring you to the exploding point when you get home. • Examine your behaviour. Abuse is not just physical. Both words and actions can inflict deep, lasting wounds. • Understand the environment. Children are much more likely to be cranky in certain situations: very hot/cold weather, a stressful day at school/day-care, on vacation, when there is family tension, when bored, hungry, thirsty, etc… • “Whoever suppresseth his anger, when he • hath in his power to show it, God will give him great reward.” • (Hadith)

27. Restore the mind-set of children • Teach children their rights. When children are taught they are special and have the right to be safe, they are less likely to think abuse is their fault, and more likely to report an offender. • Reason your actions An example is trying to teach an exploring toddler by slapping a little hand when they get close to an electrical outlet. It's all right to point to an outlet and explain to a child that it is "very hot," and will "hurt" and is a no-no.

28. Encourage during the good times. Praise your child when he or she is doing what's right. Don't overdo it, with a compliment about every little thing the child does, or it will become less meaningful. • Discuss the behaviour, not the person. It breaks anyone's spirit to think they are inherently bad. “Verily, a man teaching his child manners is better for him than giving one bushel of grain in alms.” (Hadith)

29. The Caring Society • Know the signs. Unexplained injuries aren't the only signs of abuse-depression. • Report any suspicion. Without aware adults, some children might never receive help. Be an advocate for children by knowing the signs of abuse and reporting child abuse. "Allah will not give mercy to anyone, except those who give mercy to other creatures." (Abdullah b. Amr: Abu Daud & Tirmidhi)

30. Legislation & Punishment • Law Stringent the existing law on child abuse; which include not only abuse but neglect as well. Equal punishment to the perpetrator. • Legislate new registry Prevent child abuse, defend the abused child.

31. DISCUSSION Should corporal punishment be implemented in schools? Does it serve as a lesson to the pupils or is it a form of abuse? What is your opinion?

32. To Allah belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth.He creates what He wills.He bestows female (offspring) upon whom He wills,and bestows male (offspring) upon whom He wills.The Noble Qur'an - Ash-Shura 42:49

33. Bibliography… • Chiam, H.k. (1994), Bringing Up children In Troubled Times, Pelanduk Publication, Malaysia. • http://www.indianchild.com/child_abuse.html • http://www.helpguide.org/mental/child_abuse_physical_emotional_sexual_neglect.htm • http://islam.r2.ru/virtues_kuran.html

34. GROUP MEMBERS: Nurhashimah bt Hashim Nur Harizah bt Mohd Faiz Shazlin Elaiza bt Lazim