How are weight and mass different? What do they measure?

1. How are weight and mass different? What do they measure? A.) Weight measures the force of gravity acting on an object. Mass measures the space taken up by an object. An object would have the same mass on the moon, but a different weight, because gravity’s force is not as strong on the moon.

2. What do we use to measure gravity’s force acting on an object? How can we measure an object’s mass? A.) A spring scale A.) Submerge it in water and watch the water level to see how much it has risen. The displaced amount shows the actual amount of space occupied by the object.

3. Two boxes are the same size, which statement is true about the boxes? • The boxes weigh the same • The boxes have the same mass • Gravity pulls on both of the boxes with the same force • None of the above

4. Two buses leave your school at the same time on their way to the Pacific Science Center. Bus A takes the freeway and travels at 50mph, Bus B takes side streets and travels at 45mph. They travel the same distance. Who gets there first? • Bus A arrives first.

5. Two bikers leave Seattle. After 2 hours, Mike has arrived in Bellevue, 20 miles away, and Selena has biked 8 miles down the coast, completed a 5 mile trail loop, and biked back to Seattle. Who moved faster? • The better rider • The one who left Seattle first • Selena • Mike

6. A stewardess pushes a cart at 1mph toward the nose of an airplane moving 500mph. Is the cart or the airplane moving faster and why? The cart is moving with the plane 500mph but is also moving forward inside the plane +1 mph=501mph

7. Describe an event that causes the formation of a fossil. A.) the plant or animal may have been buried in sediment that hardened into rock and left an imprint or A.) dissolved minerals may have seeped into a piece of wood and hardened into rock

8. If you found a fish fossil at the top of a mountain, what could you conclude about the environment when the fossil was formed? A.) fish fossils would indicate that a body of water existed at the time the fossils formed

9. Is water the same substance in a gas, liquid, or solid? A.) Yes- the chemical composition has not changed; still the same, just different states of matter

10. List some examples of liquids. A.) Water, juice, oil, saliva, pop, milk, etc.

11. List some examples of solids. A.) rocks, chairs, humans, desks, fish, the floor, etc.

12. List some examples of gases. A.) Air, carbon dioxide, ozone, helium, etc.

13. How do you change liquid water into steam? A.) You heat it up

14. How can you change liquid water into ice? A.) You take heat away (cool it).

15. Describe the characteristics of air that make air a gas. A.) expands to fill a closed container, increases pressure in a closed container when more is added).

16. What can wind do? A.) Move sailboats, move branches, make a flag whip in the wind, fly a kite

17. If salt is poured into a cup of water, is the salt still there? What could you do to prove it? A.) The salt is still there. You could evaporate out the water and examine the salt crystals at the bottom of the glass.

18. Does a gram of salt weigh the same when it is in solid form as it does when you pour it into a cup of water? What could you do to find out? Yes it weighs the same. Measure the gram of water on the scale in the solid state. Weigh a cup of water. Pour the salt into the water and measure the weight of the water again. Record the difference in weight and see if it has changed.

19. Does an intact glass cup weigh the same as it does after it has been broken into pieces? Why or why not? Yes- the sum of the pieces still weighs as much as the whole.

20. What shape is the planet Earth? How do you know? A.) Spherical. Picture of Earth from space.

21. Why do objects fall down and not up? A.) The force of gravity acts on the objects and makes them fall.

22. What causes day and night? A.) The Earth is spinning on an axis and when the part of Earth faces the sun it is day and when it faces away from the sun it is night.

23. Why can you see some constellations during the summer but different constellations during the winter? A.) The Earth revolves around the sun and as the Earth spins around the sun, different star patterns are visible.

24. What is the one star that is essential for life on Earth? A.) The sun. It provides energy for plants to grow, warms our planet so life can persist, etc.

25. Does the Earth revolve around the sun or does the sun revolve around the Earth? How do you know. A.) The Earth revolves around the sun. You know because of the changes of seasons, day and night, etc.

26. Why does the sun appear larger and brighter than any other star? A.) It is closer to Earth.

27. What are the forms of energy? A.) light, heat, sound, motion, chemical, and electricity

28. Describe an energy transfer in the solar system. A.) Ex: light energy travels from the sun to earth through space

29. Describe an energy transfer in the food web. A.) the plant takes the sun’s light energy and changes it into food energy. When an animal eats the plant the food energy can transform into heat energy, sound energy, or motion energy.

30. How can heat energy be created? A.) Lighting a match; rubbing your hands together and creating friction.

31. How does heat energy transfer? A.) From hot objects to cool object like a flame heating a cool frying pan

32. How is sound energy generated? A.) By making an object vibrate.

33. How is sound energy transferred through air? A.) Sound energy travels from a vibrating source to an object by making air particles vibrate.

34. Draw and label an electrical circuit with a battery, wire, tape, and bulb?

35. What are some examples of raw materials? • What are some examples of human made materials? Rocks, gems, soil, trees, water Plastic, Styrofoam, ceramics

36. What are the physical and chemical properties that result from the breakdown of rocks and weathering? A.) heating, cooling, pressure, acid rain, etc.

37. What are some of the causes of erosion? A.) Wind, water moving, ice forming, gravity

38. How is soil formed? A.) weathering, erosion, decay of plant matter, settling, transport by water, deposition of sediments

39. How can you tell if one soil sample is from the same site (place) as another soil sample? A.) color, texture, size/shape of particles, amount of dead plant/animal material, capacity for holding water.

40. How can does erosion occur in an ecosystem? • Can the dirt leave one ecosystem and join another? A.) wind blowing, water moving, ice forming, or gravity pulling A.) Yes- due to erosion

41. How do people slow down erosion? A.) Plant trees and create retaining walls.

42. What do cows, dogs, cats, rats, humans, and whales have in common? A.) They are mammals; they give birth to live babies, have hair, drink milk, breathe air, and have a four chambered heart.

43. What do ostriches, crows, swallows, and hummingbirds have in common? A.) Winged, bi-pedal (two feet), lay eggs, vertebrae

44. What do ants, wasps, moths, mosquitoes, and weevils have in common? A.) They are all arthropods. They have a three part body, antennae, exoskeletons, three pairs of jointed legs, and compound eyes.

45. Why have polar bears evolved to have thick fur? A.) The thick fur helps the polar bears stay warm in the winter.

46. Why do you think the hummingbird has a long thin beak? A.) The long thin beak helps the birds get nectar in a flower.

47. What do the bones do for the human body? A.) They provide structural support for the body.

48. Why do animals hide from predators? A.) To avoid being eaten – stay alive

49. What does a plant do in response to not having enough water? It wilts.

50. What will an animal do when it sees a threat in its environment? A.) Make hair stand on end to look larger; Run and hide; Stand perfectly still to camouflage into its surroundings; play dead