Conjugations of Latin Verbs

1. Conjugations of Latin Verbs

2. Principle Parts • Almost every verb has 4 principle parts • The 1stprinciple part is the first person of the present tense • The 2nd principle part is the infinitive which is used for the present, imperfect, and future tenses • The 3rd principle part is used for the perfect, pluperfect and future perfect tenses • The 4th principal part is used for the passive voice & participles

3. General Rules for Conjugating • For the present, imperfect, and future tense you use the infinitive of the verb. • You take off the –re and add the specific ending for each tense. • For the perfect, pluperfect, & future perfect tenses you use the third principle part of the verb. • -You take off the –i & add the specific ending for each tense.

4. Conjugations • There are 4 conjugations of Latin verbs 1st2nd 3rd 4th -are -ēre -ere -ire

5. Tenses • There are 6 verb tenses in Latin: -Present -Perfect -Imperfect -Pluperfect -Future -Future Perfect • Each tense has its own endings

6. Present Tense • The present tense is used to describe what is going on or what is happening now. • endings: -o or m -mus -s -tis -t -nt

7. Imperfect Tense • The imperfect tense is used to tell about an action that occurs in the past or went on for a long time. • The endings are: • bam -bamus • bas -batis • bat -bant

8. Future Tense • The future tense is used to tell what will or is going to happen. • The future tense also has two sets of ending. • The endings for 1st and 2nd conjugations are: • bo -bimus • bis -bitis • bit -bunt

9. Future Tense Continued • The other set of endings is used for the 3rd and 4th conjugations. • Those endings are: • am -emus • es -etis • et -ent • REMEMBER – BO, BI, BU for 1 & 2, A & E for 4 & 3

10. Perfect Tense • The perfect tense is used to tell about a completed action or what has happened. • The endings are: • i -imus • isti -istis • it -erunt

11. Pluperfect Tense • The pluperfect tense is used to tell about an action that occurred before the perfect tense or what had happened. • The endings are: • eram -eramus • eras -eratis • erat -erant

12. Future Perfect Tense • The future perfect tense is used with conditional phrases, clauses with if, and tells what will have happened • The endings are: • ero -erimus • eris -eritis • erit -erint

13. 1St Conjugation Amo, amare, amavi, amatus = To love Imperfect amabam amabamus amabas amabatis amabat amabant Present amo amamus amas amatis amat amant Future amabo amabimus amabis amabitis amabit amabunt

14. 1st Continued Perfect amavi amavimus amavisti amavistis amavit amaverunt Pluperfect amaveram amaveramus amaveras amaveratis amaverat amaverant Future Perfect amavero amaverimus amaveris amaveritis amaverit amaverint

15. 2nd Conjugation Maneo, manēre, mansi, mansurus = To remain, stay, wait Imperfect manebam manebamus manebas manebatis manebat manebant Present maneo manemus manes manetis manet manent Future manebo manebimus manebis manebitis manebit manebunt

16. 2nd Continued Perfect mansi mansimus mansisti mansistis mansit manserunt Pluperfect manseram manseramus manseras manseratis manserat manserant Future Perfect mansero manserimus manseris manseritis manserit manserint

17. 3rd Conjugation • There are regular 3rd conjugation verbs and 3rd –io. • For all third conjugation verbs instead of only taking off the –re and adding the endings for the present tense you have to change the e to an i. • For the rest of the tenses the rules are the same but for the 3rd –io you put an i before the e in the imperfect and future tenses. • Also in the 3rd person plural form of the present tense the i changes to an u.

18. 3rd Conjugation (regular) Cado, cadere, cecidi, casurus = To fall Imperfect cadebam cadebamus cadebas cadebatis cadebat cadebant Present cado cadimus cadis caditis cadit cadunt Future cadam cademus cades cadetis cadet cadent

19. 3rd Conjugation (regular)… Perfect cecidi cecidimus cecidisti cecidistis cecidit ceciderunt Pluperfect cecideram cecideramus cecideras cecideratis ceciderat ceciderant Future Perfect cecidero ceciderimus cecideris cecideritis ceciderit ceciderint

20. 3rd Conjugation (-io) Facio, facere, feci, factus = To make, do Imperfect faciebam faciebamus faciebas faciebatis faciebat faciebant Present facio facimus facis facitis facit faciunt Future faciam faciemus facies facietis faciet facient

21. 3rd Conjugation (-io)… Perfect feci fecimus fecisti fecistis fecit fecerunt Pluperfect feceram feceramus feceras feceratis fecerat fecerant Future Perfect fecero fecerimus feceris feceritis fecerit fecerint

22. 4th Conjugation Dormio, dormire, dormivi, dormiturus= To sleep Imperfect dormiebam dormiebamus dormiebas dormiebatis dormiebat dormiebant Present dormio dormimus dormis dormitis dormit dormiunt Future dormiam dormiemus dormies dormietis dormiet dormient

23. 4th Conjugation Continued Perfect dormivi dormivimus dormivisti dormivistis dormivit dormiverunt Pluperfect dormiveram dormiveramus dormiveras dormiveratis dormiverat dormiverant Future Perfect dormivero dormiverimus dormiveris dormniveritis dormiverit dormiverint

24. Irregular Verbs • Along with regular verbs there are also irregular verbs in Latin. • They have their own endings and have a special ways of being conjugated. • The six verbs that will be conjugated are esse, posse, velle, nolle, ferre, and ire.

25. Sum, esse, fui, futurus-to be Imperfect eram eramus eras eratis erat erant Future ero erimus eris eritis erit erunt Present sum sumus es estis est sunt Perfect fui fuimus fuisti fuistis fuit fuerunt Future Perfect fuero fuerimus fueris fueritis fuerit fuerint Pluperfect fueram fueramus fueras fueratis fuerat fuerant

26. Possum, posse, potui- to be able This verb is just like esse only there must be a pot before the e and pos before the s. Present possum possumus potes potestis potest possunt Imperfect poteram poteramus poteras poteratis poterat poterant Future potero poterimus poteris poteritis poterit poterunt

27. Possum, posse, potui- to be able… Pluperfect potueram potueramus potueras potueratis potuerat potuerant Perfect potui potuimus potuisti potuistis potuit potuerunt Future Perfect potuero potuerimus potueris potueritis potuerit potuerint

28. Volo, velle, volui- to want Nolo, nolle, nolui- to not want Imperfect volebam volebamus volebas volebatis volebat volebant Present volo volumus vis vultis vult volunt • These two verbs conjugated the same way. Future volam volemus voles voletis volet volent Imperfect nolebam nolebamus nolebas nolebatis nolebat nolebant Present nolo nolumus non vis non vultis non vult nolunt Future nolam nolemus noles noletis nolet nolent

29. Volo, velle, volui- to want Nolo, nolle, nolui- to not want… Future Perfect voluero voluerimus volueris volueritis voluerit voluerint Pluperfect volueram volueramus volueras volueratis voluerat volueratis Perfect volui voluimus voluisti voluistis voluit voluerunt Perfect nolui noluimus noluisti noluistis noluit noluerunt Pluperfect nolueram nolueramus nolueras nolueratis noluerat nolueratis Future Perfect noluero noluerimus nolueris nolueritis noluerit noluerint

30. Fero, ferre, tuli, latus- to bring, carry Present fero ferimus fers fertis fert ferunt Imperfect ferebam ferebamus ferebas ferebatis ferebat ferebant Future feram feremus feres feretis feret ferent

31. Fero, ferre, tuli, latus… Perfect tuli tulimus tulisti tulistis tulit tulerunt Pluperfect tuleram tuleramus tuleras tuleratis tulerat tulerant Future Perfect tulero tulerimus tuleris tuleritis tulerit tulerint

32. Eo, ire, ivi, iturusTo go Present eo imus is itis it eunt Imperfect ibam ibamus ibas ibatis ibat ibant Future ibo ibimus ibis ibitis ibit ibunt

33. Eo, ire, ivi, iturus… Perfect ivi ivimus ivisti ivistis ivit iverunt Pluperfect iveram iveramus iveras iveratis iverat iverant Future Perfect ivero iverimus iveris iveritis iverit iverint

34. THE END