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Data Visualization Tools for Analysis

Learn how to categorize and simplify data effectively through tables and graphs to aid comparison, understanding, memory, and analysis. Various chart types like bar charts, pie charts, and Pareto diagrams are discussed for organizing both categorical and numerical data. Understanding statistical data is crucial for accurate interpretation.

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Data Visualization Tools for Analysis

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  1. 圖表製作集中指標 0628 統計學

  2. 圖表目的 • 將資料分類及簡化, 使其便於比較, 易於了解, 記憶與運算,並顯示出資料的特性,以節省文字說明的麻煩. • 將蒐集得到的資料整理成表格的形式，並以文字或數字的形式表現出來，即是所謂的統計表。

  3. 圖表內容 • (1)標題(title) • (2)標目(label) • (3)表身(body) • (4)資料來源及附註

  4. Categorical Data Are Summarized By Tables & Graphs Categorical Data Graphing Data Tabulating Data Summary Table Bar Charts Pie Charts Pareto Diagram

  5. 煙囪圖 (bar chart) 以長條的長短來表示資料的特質, 它最常用來表示類別的資料,又稱直條圖 • 圓餅圖 (pie chart) 以一個像一塊餅的圓形來表示全部的資料, 各部分資料則以佔整個圓餅的百分比來表示, 類別或順序資料常用 • 直方圖 (histogram) 表示次數分配的的長方形圖, 又稱次數直方圖

  6. Organizing Categorical Data: Summary Table • A summary table indicates the frequency, amount, or percentage of items in a set of categories so that you can see differences between categories.

  7. Organizing Categorical Data: Bar Chart • In a bar chart, a bar shows each category, the length of which represents the amount, frequency or percentage of values falling into a category.

  8. Organizing Categorical Data: Pie Chart • The pie chart is a circle broken up into slices that represent categories. The size of each slice of the pie varies according to the percentage in each category.

  9. Organizing Categorical Data:Pareto Diagram

  10. Tables and Charts for Numerical Data Numerical Data Frequency Distributions and Cumulative Distributions Ordered Array Stem-and-Leaf Display Histogram Polygon Ogive

  11. Organizing Numerical Data: Ordered Array • An ordered array is a sequence of data, in rank order, from the smallest value to the largest value. • Shows range (minimum value to maximum value) • May help identify outliers (unusual observations)

  12. Stem-and-Leaf Display • A simple way to see how the data are distributed and where concentrations of data exist METHOD: Separate the sorted data series into leading digits (the stems) and the trailing digits (theleaves)

  13. Organizing Numerical Data: Stem and Leaf Display • A stem-and-leaf display organizes data into groups (called stems) so that the values within each group (the leaves) branch out to the right on each row. Age of College Students Day Students Night Students

  14. 統計數據可以相信嗎? • 若分別以三數來解讀一份資料，其中的差異可能是很大的，而何者才是最具有代表性？因此有很多統計資料可能利用這種差異來迷惑大眾，雖然他們並沒有說謊，因此，各種統計資料不能盡信，必須了解其中內容才能下定論，所以都只能供為參考之用。

  15. 算術平均數 • 此組所有數值資料的總和除以此組資料個數的值 某國民中學八十六學年度每月電費如下表： • 試求這12個月的平均電費？

  16. 這十二個月的平均電費為… • 1229820÷12=102485 (元)

  17. 若是已分組的資料怎麼辦？ 分組時注意事項 1. 互斥 (觀察值或資料只能屬於其中一組) 2. 周延 (觀察值必分屬於任何一組)

  18. 2007 Excel 的使用

  19. 選擇: 分析工具箱 分析工具箱 - VBA

  20. 選擇: 敘述統計

  21. Excel 基本公式

  22. 習題 1

  23. (1) • 某國中三年三班14位男生體重（單位：公斤）的資料如下： • 試求其體重的算術平均數、眾數、中位數、第一四分位Q1 、第三四分位Q3 、全距。

  24. (2)某醫院病人等候看病時間次數分配表如下：請問算術平均數為多少?(2)某醫院病人等候看病時間次數分配表如下：請問算術平均數為多少?

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