Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems

1. Manish Lad UCL Department of Computer Science University College London Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems Wireless Sensing Interest Group Meeting National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK 27th September 2006 Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems

2. Emergency in a road tunnel Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems

3. Challenges facing emergency services • Location • Accurately pin-point the exact location of the scene • Information • Environmental conditions within the tunnel • Communication • Between the rescue teams both inside and outside the tunnel • Difficult in the enclosed environment of the tunnel Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems

4. RUNESReconfigurable Ubiquitous Networked Embedded Systems To provide a standardised architecture that enables the creation of large-scale, widely-distributed, heterogeneous networked embedded systems that inter-operate and adapt to their environments Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems

5. A network of embedded devices • Tunnel wall • Sensor devices • Multi-radio routing devices • Tunnel opening • Multi-radio routing gateways • Vehicles • Sensor devices • Multi-radio routing devices • Emergency Services • Sensor devices • PDAs • Multi-radio routing devices Tmote Sky Sensor Device connectBlue multi-radio gateway Lippert multi-radio gateway Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems

6. The limitations of embedded systems • Resources • Power • Processing • Storage • Inter-communication • Heterogeneity • Transience • Reconfigurability • Mobility • Loss/Damage Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems

7. A lightweight solution • Platforms • Contiki Operating System - using lightweight stackless threads • FreeRTOS - open source, mini Real Time Kernel • DENX Embedded Linux Development Kit (ELDK) • Communication protocol stack • µIP, µAODV • Compatible with existing protocol stacks • Middleware kernel • Component model and associated API • Predictability and Control • Control loops Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems

8. Environment Component-based Middleware Hardware and RF Platform-specific Kernel Implementation Platform-specific Kernel Implementation Platform-specific Kernel Implementation Sensor device Gateway device Gateway device Middleware architecture Application/Middleware Components Middleware Kernel API Linux Contiki FreeRTOS Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems

9. The RUNES middleware • Component Model Design • Defines components as basic run-time units • Enables components to be instantiated at run-time • Functionality provided by components through interfaces • Dependancies expressed through receptacles • Receptacle/Interface binding made with connector components • Component Run-time Kernel Implementations • Java • C/Unix • C/Contiki Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems

10. Middleware components • Data acquisition • Measurement component • Obtain environmental readings on sensor devices • Data dissemination • Notification component • Disseminate sensor readings to control centre • Publish-Subscribe infrastructure • Component to disseminate sensor readings through broadcast • Mechanism to enable broadcast sensor readings to be shared Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems

11. Application of the middleware Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems

12. Pin-pointing location • µIP and µAODV • Overcome transience, damage and loss • Routing reconfiguration • Re-route data around broken sensor devices Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems

13. Extracting information • Environmental conditions • Temperature • Humidity • Visibility • Data dissemination • Reporting conditions to control centre Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems

14. Communicating to co-ordinate rescue efforts • Publish relevant data to emergency services • Share and propagate data among firefighters Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems

15. Small-scale demonstration – June 2006 Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems

16. Upcoming demonstrations • Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS 2006) • IEEE International Conference • Vancouver, Canada • 9–12 October 2006 • IST Event 2006 • European Information Society Technologies Conference • Helsinki, Finland • 21–23 November 2006 Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems

17. IST 2006 Printed RUNES scene Tunnel environment map Key event Tunnel view RUNES Video Tunnel controller view Tunnel sensor network Emergency command view Fire fighter view Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems Tunnel model

18. Summary • A component-based middleware architecture • Addresses fundamental challenges through • Lightweight platform and protocol implementations • Dynamically reconfigurable middleware architecture • Incorporates capabilities to • Cope with the failure of devices and communication links • Reconfigure automatically to deal with a changing environment • Discover available resources and communication paths Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems

19. References • Conference publications: • Geoff Coulson, Manish Lad, Richard Gold, Cecilia Mascolo, Luca Mottola, Gian Pietro Picco, Stefanos Zachariadis. Dynamic Reconfiguration in the RUNES Middleware. Proc. of the Third International Conference on Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS 2006). IEEE Press, Vancouver, Canada. October 2006. • Paolo Costa, Geoff Coulson, Cecilia Mascolo, Gian Pietro Picco and Stefanos Zachariadis. The RUNES Middleware: A Reconfigurable Component-based Approach to Networked Embedded Systems. Proc. of the 16th Annual IEEE International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC'05). Berlin, Germany, 11-14 Sept. 2005. • Submitted for publication: • Paolo Costa, Geoff Coulson, Richard Gold, Manish Lad, Cecilia Mascolo, Luca Mottola, Gian Pietro Picco, Thirunavukkarasu Sivaharan, Nirmal Weerasinghe, and Stefanos Zachariadis. The RUNES Middleware for Networked Embedded Systems and its Application in a Disaster Management Scenario. Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems

20. Acknowledgements • Reconfigurable Ubiquitous Networked Embedded Systems (RUNES), Supported by the Information Society Technologies (IST) Framework Programme 6 (FP6). http://www.ist-runes.org • The work described in this presentation is the result of the efforts of the large and enthusiastic RUNES project team • Road Tunnel Emergency images supplied by FreeFoto.com http://www.freefoto.com, and BBC news http://news.bbc.co.uk • Embedded device images from moteiv http://www.moteiv.com, connectBlue http://www.connectblue.se, and Lippert http://www.lippert-at.com • Application of the middleware architecture diagram by Luca Mottola, Dipartimento di Elettronica ed Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Italy Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems

21. RUNES Partners Industrial Academic Non-profit research institutes Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems