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Equity Analysis of Park Access in Baltimore, MD (1970-2000)

African-American and high-need populations in Baltimore have better walking access to parks but lower per-capita park acreage. This study explores historical neglect of recreational needs, park equity hypotheses from historic processes, and environmental justice. Comparing 1970 and 2000, the research examines access, distribution, and potential congestion, highlighting disparities that persist despite population changes.

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Equity Analysis of Park Access in Baltimore, MD (1970-2000)

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  1. A longitudinal analysisof park equity in Baltimore, MD1970-2000 Chona Sister Christopher Boone Global Institute of Sustainability

  2. African-American and high need populations have better walking access to parks, but have access to lower per-capita acres of parks than others • Current patterns are in spite of a long history of neglecting recreational needs of African-Americans

  3. Park Equity

  4. Hypotheses • Blacks “inherited” much of Baltimore’s space and services from a combination of historic processes • Black neighborhoods grew into formerly white communities better served with parks

  5. Environmental Justice Distributive Outcome equality Distribution of environmental disamenities (and amenities) Participative Process equality Fairness in decision-making, application of law, and institutions Just distributions justly achieved

  6. Comparing present day with historic patterns: 3 methods • Quarter-mile access to parks • Provides a comparison of who have pedestrian access and who do not • Needs-based index • Addresses equity issue; targeting a public good to groups in most need • Potential park congestion • Measures distributional equity without the constraints of a pre-defined service area • 2000 vs. 1970

  7. 2000 = 7.9 park acres per 1,000 people 1970 = 5.3 park acres per 1,000 people

  8. Quarter-mile pedestrian access

  9. Quarter mile access percentage

  10. Park acres per 1K pop across race groups Acres per 1K pop

  11. Needs-based index

  12. Needs-based Index: Accessible acres per 1,000 pop Acres per 1K pop

  13. Needs-based index

  14. Potential park congestion 1970 2000

  15. Potential park congestion

  16. Summary • Despite loss of 270,000 people, not significant differences in the equity of park distribution between 1970 and 2000. • For both 1970 and 2000, African-American and high need populations have better walking access to parks, but have access to lower per-capita acres of parks than others

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