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Taking drugs if you have ___ is BAD. Increased rates transmission. Unprotected sex Anal intercourse Group sex or multiple partners Internet partners Injection drug users High or intoxicated during sex Sex work Sex with serodiscordant partner. Substance Treatment in the USA.
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Increased rates transmission • Unprotected sex • Anal intercourse • Group sex or multiple partners • Internet partners • Injection drug users • High or intoxicated during sex • Sex work • Sex with serodiscordant partner
Substance Treatment in the USA • Forty million Americans ages 12 and older (16 percent) • only about 1 in 10 people receive treatment • Addiction treatment programs are not adequately regulated
Substance abuse treatments • Psychological • Pharmacological • Combination • Public Health
FDA approved pharmacologic • Alcohol • disulfram (antabuse) • Acamprosate • naltrexone • Nicotine • Buproprion • Varenicline • nicotine replacement
FDA approved pharmacologic • Opioid • Methadone maintenance • Buprenorphine • Naltrexone (PO/IM) • Buprenorphine/naltrexone
Psychology of Substance User • Impulsive • Fearless • Incapable of delayed gratification • Opposite of people who go into health care!!!
Traditional counseling • Immediate and Total Abstinence • Provider set goals • Confrontational • Dichotomis • Good (What I say) • Bad (What you do) • Nearly Completely Ineffective!!
Transtheoretical Model • Gradual Behavioral Change • Conceptualized stages • Identify patient’s current stage • Strategies to advance the stage • Understanding of backward and forward progress of change • Reduced provider frustration • Increased patient acceptance
Primary Care Intervention • toxicological and questionnaire screening • brief motivational interviews • active referrals • a list of treatment providers • follow-up booster phone call.
Risk Diagnosis Questionnaire • Starting point for clinical interaction • Simple self report instrument • 13 questions • Clinically validated • Rapidly elicits risk behavior without appearing judgmental Callahan 2007
http://www.motivationalinterview.org/ Project MATCH http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/MATCHSeries3/