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B.Sc. (Hons) Multimedia Computing

Digital Photography. B.Sc. (Hons) Multimedia Computing. Media Technologies. Agenda. Digital Principles Camera Types Lens Principles Common Features Legacy Issues. B.Sc. (Hons) Multimedia Computing. Media Technologies. Digital Camera Principles. Digital Principles.

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B.Sc. (Hons) Multimedia Computing

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  1. Digital Photography B.Sc. (Hons) Multimedia Computing Media Technologies

  2. Agenda • Digital Principles • Camera Types • Lens Principles • Common Features • Legacy Issues B.Sc. (Hons) Multimedia Computing Media Technologies

  3. Digital Camera Principles

  4. Digital Principles Analogue to Digital Converter White balanceAnti-aliasingCompression Storage Sensor Light from scene Analogue Electrical Signal Digital Signal Filters Buffer

  5. Digital Principles Size of sensor determines resolution of images 3008 2000 3008 x 2000 = 6,016,000 = 6 Megapixels (6MP) Buffer size also important - buffer size determines many images you can take in quick succession

  6. Types of Digital Camera

  7. Compact rangefinder type cameras -Limited features - aimed at general users ( novice / occasional use) Prosumers Types - aimed at the advanced amateur / semi pro user - more sophisticated functionality - probably has a wide ranging zoom lens - but not interchangeable - affordable price DSLRs (Digital SLRs) full system cameras with interchangeable lenses and other professional accessories such as dedicated flash systems etc. Expensive as compared with prosumer models Types of Digital Camera

  8. Digital Camera Types Prosumer Compact DSLR (Full Frame Sensor)

  9. Mini-DSLR: Sony NEX-5

  10. Lenses for Digital Cameras

  11. Question Are digital camera lenses the same as film camera lenses? Answer Yes - but effect focal length depends on size of digital sensor used in camera Lenses for Digital Cameras Lens image circle coverage Full frame 35mm film gate

  12. Lenses Circle Coverage Sensor not full frame thus any lens will have telephoto effect as compared with equivalent filmcamera lens

  13. Full Frame Sensor Sensor full frame thus any lens coverage and focal length the same as for film camera lenses

  14. A ‘Prosumer’ Digicam – Canon Pro-1 LCD screen Ultrasonic zoom lens Sensor

  15. Common Principles

  16. Common Photographic Principles • Subject Matter ‘The Great Themes’ • Portraiture • Still Life • Landscape • Social and Documentary • Lighting and Exposure • Available light (natural light) • Flash • Studio • Composition - ‘Rule of Thirds’ • Gadgets (Lenses, Tripods, Filters, Bags)

  17. Autofocus (1) – Blurred image

  18. Autofocus (2) – sharp image

  19. Image stabilisation • Canon’s newly developed Hybrid IS technology optimally compensates for angular camera shake (rotational) and shift camera shake (linear). Sudden changes in camera angle can cause significant blur in images taken during standard shooting, whereas blur caused by shift-based shaking, when a camera moves parallel to the subject, is more pronounced in macro and other close-up photography.

  20. Intelligent recognition

  21. Flash and Lighting Three Important features of a flashgun 1. Guide Number - indicates light power available e.g (30 Meters at 100 ISO) reasonable power for average use 2. Recycling time - how long (in seconds) flash takes to be ready for next 3. Thru-The Lens (TTL) flash metering Guide number: 165 in feet / 50 in meters 105mm (ISO 100) Charge time: Approx. 6seconds (when using alkaline batteries) Approx 4seconds (when using NiMH batteries)

  22. Pro Flash Lighting Guide Number = 60 Metres at ISO 100

  23. Pro Lighting -Studio Flash Continuous background paper

  24. Product Photography Copy Stands - provide consistent diffuse lighting for photographing product items

  25. Use the Flash off-camera Bounce lighting from white surface to diffuse lighting Flash Photography Tips Inverse Square Law - doubling the distance requires four times the light

  26. What’s Changed ?

  27. Changes in the Digital Era • Traditional Photography • Take pictures then develop and print using chemical processes in a ‘Darkroom’ - or send to a film lab • Digital Photography • Take pictures then upload to a computer and edit in graphics application or dedicated software application usually bundled with camera - can take a long time! • What images to print - often get left on the computer • Professional software available - Aperture and Lightroom • Software ‘Media Centres’ replaces the old technology of a slide projector and slide show • Take memory card to digital photo booths etc

  28. The Darkroom

  29. Digital Image Processing in ‘The Light Room’

  30. Image Formats and Software Formats • Uses established image formats such as JPEG and GIF • New formats such as RAW - a raw i.e. ‘unprocessed’ image file contains minimally processed data from the image sensor of a digital camera and must be processed to be used as an editable image such as JPEG or GIF. Contents of RAW files are often considered to be of 'higher quality' than the RGB converted results. • RAW files different for each manufacturer - Adobe has developed .DNG Digital NeGative as a de-facto standard for RAW data to encourage usage of a common RAW format to prevent future legacy issues. Software • Adobe recently released version one of Lightroom - an integrated digital image editing and photographic library management system (PC & MAC) • Aperture - similar to Lightroom - aimed at professionals - already fairly well established in the professional market B.Sc. (Hons) Multimedia Computing Media Technologies

  31. Legacy Issues

  32. Digitizing Legacy Formats Converting film to digital … • Scan-in images and transparencies (slides) • Scan negatives into a digital format Nikon Coolscan9000 ED35mm & 120 film (medium format) Nikon Coolscan 5000 ED (35mm)

  33. Resolution • Some old photos • Digital resolutions

  34. Scanned from an old photograph (1)

  35. Scanned from an old photograph (2)

  36. Speed affects noise…

  37. 35mm film cameras have a common film chamber design… Converting Film Cameras ?

  38. Most 35mm film cameras have interchangeable backs e.g. data backs etc. Converting Film Cameras

  39. Solution - a digital sensor that fits inside the film chamber and captures images at the film plane Converting Film Cameras

  40. Silicon Film... Digital sensor film insert fits most SLR cameras!

  41. Silicon Film Cartridge Sensor

  42. The future?

  43. Software References • www.adobe.com - Lightroom tryout • www.apple.com - Aperture tryout • www.google.co.uk – Picasa 2 B.Sc. (Hons) Multimedia Computing Media Technologies

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