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INTER-AMERICAN WATER DAY IAWD - 2005

INTER-AMERICAN WATER DAY IAWD - 2005. INTRODUCTION. International Decade for Action: “Water for Life, 2005-2015” 1

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INTER-AMERICAN WATER DAY IAWD - 2005

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  1. INTER-AMERICAN WATER DAY IAWD- 2005

  2. INTRODUCTION • International Decade for Action: “Water for Life, 2005-2015”1 • In September 2000, “Millennium Summit” → 189 Member States, including 147 Heads of State, adopted the Millennium Declaration giving rise to the Millennium Development Goals - MDG2 • In November 2003, in Brasilia, “High-level conference” → “Brasilia Declaration”, is a call for action and implementation that reinforces the principle of association inherent in the Millennium Declaration and in the agreements reached at former Summit Meeting of the Americas. 1http://www.un.org/spanish/events/waterday/2005 2http://www.unmillenniumproject.org

  3. INTRODUCTION • In Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) one in four people does not have access to water and sanitation • In the areas and communities of the Region most affected by inequities, -where the average is one in two people does not have access to water and sanitation

  4. MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDG) • Erradicate extreme poverty and hunger. • Achieve universal primary education. • Promote gender equity and empower women. • Reduce child mortality. • Improve maternal health. • Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases. • Ensure environmental sustainability. • Target 10.Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation.(Indicator defined by JMP) • Target 11.By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum-dwellers(Indicators defined by UN-HABITAT. Se prevé joint report with JMP) • Develop a global alliance for development.

  5. MONITORING THE TARGETS JMP 3, WHO and UNICEF, evaluates the process of reaching Target 10 - MDG • JMP is based on household surveys and/or population census in the countries • When this type of data is not available does the JMPE use data from service providers in the countries • JMP uses indicators of access or coverage: • Percentage of the population [urban and rural] using improved drinking water sources • Percentage of the population [urban and rural] using improved sanitation facilities 3 JMP:Joint Monitoring Program,http://www.wssinfo.org

  6. MONITORING THE TARGETS Technological options in monitoring indicators Target 10 MDG (JMP, 2004)

  7. MONITORING THE TARGETS • According to the JMP : • Drinking water is that used for domestic purposes, including water used for drinking and hygiene • If more than 30 minutes are needed for a round trip from a water source in rural areas • A lower quantity of water tends to be collected that the required for basic needs • The monitoring instruments in use do not consider neither the cost, continuity of the service, nor the quality of the water at the source or in the household. • “Improved Drinking Water Sources” may already be contaminated or, if there is no household connection or the service is not continuous, water may be contaminated during transport or inadequate household storage.

  8. MONITORING THE TARGETS • The JMP recognizes that a better definition of sanitation should include aspects of • Good service, • privacy, • cleanliness and • Healthy settings. • The indicator does not take into account the disposal of sludge from septic tanks or effluents from sewerages, a risk to public health, ecosystems and people’s environment and their competitiveness in trade and tourism. • Other monitoring instruments are required to collect information on these aspects.

  9. MONITORING THE TARGETS • Since 2003, the JMP has had an advisory group which includes academicians and experts in sectorial and monitoring aspects. In addition to its current functions, the JMP will work on: • A report on drinking water and sanitation in marginal urban areas, with UN-HABITAT, • A report on the scale and impact of poor management of wastewater, with UNEP, • Strengthening the monitoring and evaluation capacities of the countries. This should contribute to identify overcome and the problems of equity and quality of the services, which are not detected during the global monitoring.

  10. WATER FOR CHILDREN’S LIFE WHO: Health, rather than absence of disease is a state of psychic, physical, and social welfare which enables human development Consequently, infant mortality indicators are valuable as long as they simultaneously reflect improvements in other aspects affecting infant health –such as growth, neuro-psychic development, and learning ability; emotional maturity and the ability to have a place in the family and community; among others4. 4 Chapter VII of the Millennium Development Goals in LAC. Challenges, Actions and Commitments. IABD, 2004.

  11. < 5 YEAR 5-14 YEARS 15-59 YEARS 60+ YEARS DEVELOPING REGIONS 0.3% 9.0% DEVELOPED REGIONS 2.7% 0.5% 6.8% 5.8% 90.2% 84.7% WATER FOR CHILDREN’S LIFEPERCENTAGE OF DEATH ATTRIBUTABLE TO DIARRHOEAL DISEASES BY AGE GROUP AND REGION Source: JMP (2005), Water for Life. Making it Happen

  12. Sub-Saharan Africa INFANT MORTALITY Central Asia Oceania Western Asia South East Asia Western Africa Asia oriental Latin America and the Caribbean Access Deficit Eurasia Developed regions WATER FOR CHILDREN’S LIFEASSOCIATION BETWEEN LACK OF IMPROVED SOURCES OF DRINKING WATE AND SANITATION FACILITIES, AND DEATHS ATTRIBUTABLE TO DIARRHOEAL DISEASES (< 1 YEAR PER 1000 NACIDOS VIVOS) Source: JMP (2005), Water for Life. Making it Happen

  13. WATER FOR CHILDREN’S LIFE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INFANT MORTALITY AND ACCESS TO DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION Source: Adapted from Otterstetter, H., Galvão, L. A., Witt, V., et al. (2001) Health Equity in Relation to Safe Drinking Water Supply, en Equity and Health: Views from the Pan American Sanitary Bureau, pp. 99-114, based on data from i) PAHO (2003), Indicadores básicos de salud en las Américas and ii) JMP (2004), Meeting the MDG Drinking Water and Sanitation Target. A Mid-Term Assessment of Progress

  14. WATER FOR LIFE – AND FOR LIVING LIFELONG • Diarrhea is not the only water-related disease that limits children’s development. • Access to drinking water and sanitation services and improvements in hygiene practices helps to reduce health risk associated with parasites, such as schistosomiasis and helminthiasis. • A better integrated water resource management helps to reduce the risk of transmission of diseases associated with mosquitoes, such as malaria and dengue.

  15. WATER FOR LIFE – AND FOR LIVING LIFELONG • Millions of families in LAC pay the cost of not having access to adequate drinking water and sanitation services every day. • When they are ill, they cannot work and need care from other members of the family. • Collecting water involves waste of time and energy. This limits the quality of life and productivity, which generally affects women more than men.

  16. WATER FOR LIFE AND ECONOMIC BENEFITS COST/BENEFIT OF INTERVENTIONS SCENARIOS IN WATER AND SANITATION IN LAC 1Annual costs and benefits in millions of USD at 2000 values

  17. Medical treatment 0.2% Health sector 8.0% Others 17.0% Productivity 0.8% Deaths prevented 1.1% Ahorro de tiempo 72.9% WATER FOR LIFE AND ECONOMIC BENEFITSESTIMATED BENEFIT OF INTERVENTIONS IN WATER AND SANITATION ASSOCIATED WITH SCENARIO 2. (MDG TARGET 10 IN LAC, ACCORDING TO JMP INDICATOR) Source: Hutton, G, and Heller, L. Evaluation of the costs and benefits of water and sanitation improvements at global level. WHO, 2004; JMP, 2005

  18. ACCESS, EQUITY, AND QUALITY ACCESS TO IMPROVED DRINKING WATER SOURCES IN LAC (JMP, WHO-UNICEF, 2004) 1Forecasts of access by 2015,according to trend in period 1990 to 2002; 2 Forecast based on compliance with Target 10 of the MDG 7, according to JMP indicator.

  19. ACCESS, EQUITY, AND QUALITY ACCESS TO IMPROVED SANITATION FACILITIES IN LAC (JMP, 2004) 1Forecast access by 2015, according to trend in period 1990 to 2002.; 2 Forecast based on compliance with Target 10 of the MDG 7 according to JMP indicator.

  20. ACCESS, EQUITY, AND QUALITYACCESS TO “IMPROVED” SOURCES OF DRINKING WATER • Between 1990 and 2002 the LAC population rose from 441.5 a 535.6 millions. Exceeding this rate of growth, the proportion of the population with access to water rose from 83% to 89%. Deficit in Access. (JMP Mid-Term Assessment – WHO/UNICEF, 2004). • 60 millions (11%) without access: 40 millions rural (31%) 20 millions urban (5%) • 59 millions (11%) with access and without household connection • 416 millions (78%) with household connection Deficit in Quality of Service (E-2000, PAHO) • 41% without disinfection • 60% with intermittence • 45% losses

  21. ACCESS, EQUITY, AND QUALITYPOPULATION IN MILLIONS (M) WITHOUT ACCESS TO IMPROVED DRINKING WATER SOURCES BY GROUP OF COUNTRIES IN LAC (BASED ON THE JMP, 2004) Total: 60M inhabitants in LAC without access to improved drinking water • - Population (% on the left) without access compared to the total population of the group or country • Population (%on the right) without access in the group or country compared to the 60 M inhabitants without access in LAC

  22. Deficit in access. (JPM Mid-Term Evaluation JMP – WHO/UNICEF, 2004). 137 millions (25%) without access: 72 millions rural (56%) 65 millions urban (16%) Deficit in Quality of Service (Assessment 2000, PAHO) Coverage of 49% for population with sewerage systems but only 14% of effluents with some type of treatment ACCESS, EQUITY, AND QUALITYACCESS TO “IMPROVED” SANITATION FACILITIES Between and 2002, the LAC population rose from 441.5 to 535.6 millions. Exceeding this rate of growth, the proportion of the population with access to sanitation rose from 69% to 75%.

  23. ACCESS, EQUITY, AND QUALITYPOPULATION IN MILLIONS (M) WITHOUT ACCESS TO IMPROVED SANITATION FACILITIES BY GROUP OF COUNTRIES IN LAC (BASED ON THE JMP, 2004) Total: 137M inhabitants in LAC without access to improved sanitation facilities • - Population (% on the left) without access compared to the total population of the group or country • Population (% on the right) without access in the group or country compared to the 137 M inhabitants without access in LAC.

  24. ACCESS, EQUITY, AND QUALITYTRENDS IN ACCESS TO DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION IN LAC ACCORDING TO JMP INDICATORS (BASED ON THE JMP, WHO-UNICEF, 2004)

  25. ACCESS, EQUITY, AND QUALITYTRENDS IN ACCESS TO DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION IN LAC ACCORDING TO JMP INDICATORS (BASED ON THE JMP, WHO-UNICEF, 2004)

  26. ACCESS, EQUITY, AND QUALITYTRENDS IN ACCESS TO DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION IN LAC ACCORDING TO JMP INDICATORS (BASED ON THE JMP, WHO-UNICEF, 2004)

  27. ACCESS, EQUITY, AND QUALITYTRENDS IN ACCESS TO DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION IN LAC ACCORDING TO JMP INDICATORS (BASED ON THE JMP, WHO-UNICEF, 2004)

  28. ACCESS, EQUITY, AND QUALITYHOUSEHOLDS WITH HOUSEHOLD CONNECTIONS BY DECILE OF PER CAPITA EXPTENDITUREIN BRAZIL (A) AND PERU (B). Source: Inequalities in the access and expenditure with drinking water in LAC, PAHO, 2001 Technical Reports 2 and 11

  29. ACCESS, EQUITY, AND QUALITYService level and quantity of water collected Fuente: Howard G. and Bartram, J. Domestic Water Quantity, Service Level and Health, WHO, 2003

  30. ACCESS, EQUITY, AND QUALITYDrinking water treatment infrastructure in Colombia (SIAS, CRA, 2001)

  31. ACCESS, EQUITY, AND QUALITYWASTEWATER TREATMENT IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE WORLD (JMP, 2000)

  32. MESAGE FROM THE UNITED NATIONS SECRETARY-GENERAL AT THE OPENING OF DECADE “WATER FOR LIFE” “Water is essential for life. Yet many millions of people around the world face water shortages. Many millions of children die every year from water-borne diseases. And drought regularly afflicts some of the world’s poorest countries. The world needs to respond much better. We need to increase water efficiency, especially in agriculture. We need to free women and girls from the daily chore of hauling water, often over great distances. We must involve them in decision-making on water management. …… We need to make SANITATION a priority. This is where progress is lagging most. And we must show that water resources need not be a source of conflict. Instead, they can be a catalyst for cooperation.“

  33. “Water for Life. Equity and quality of services”

  34. Thank you for your attention http://www.bvsde.ops-oms.org/bvsadiaa/diaa/index.html

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