1. Final BMPModeling Workshop September 29, 2011 UB Geography Department Sponsored by the Buffalo District of the US Army Corps of Engineers.

2. Workshop Outline Intro to Baseline Models & Case Studies Overview of BMPs by Scale Large-Scale Watershed Models (ArcSWAT) Break Small –Scale Hillslope BMPs (WEPP) Lunch

3. Workshop Outline Medium-Scale Watershed BMPs (GeoWEPP) Break Modeling Flood Levels & BMPs (HEC-GeoRAS) Break Instructor Assisted Self-Paced Exercises Wrap-up & Closing Comments

4. Workshop Outline Intro to Baseline Models & Case Studies Overview of BMPs by Scale Large-Scale Watershed Models (ArcSWAT) Break Small –Scale Hillslope BMPs (WEPP) Lunch

5. What Have We Done? • Engaged with Stakeholders • Acquired / modified / refined / verified required data • DEM, soils, landuse, cross section profiles • Developed verifiable baseline models (Catt Creek and Clear Creek) • Conducted field trips and workshops for two-way knowledge transfer • Delineated watershed and stream networks to maximize sub-basins < 5 sq km • Chose BMPs to simulate • Chose modeling software to match basin size and BMPs to simulate • Selected sub-basins to model • Tested modeling software inputs or parameters to simulate BMPs • Evaluated model results Baseline Models & Case Studies

6. What’s Next To Do? • Conduct BMP Modeling Training Workshop (today) • Continue to engage with Stakeholders • Acquire / modify / refine / verify required data • DEM, soils, landuse, cross section profiles • Continue two-way knowledge transfer • Incorporate lessons learned in classroom setting • Develop and deliver a final written report Baseline Models & Case Studies

7. What Else Have We Done? • Refined the Erie County LiDAR data to recalculate bank erosion volumes compared to IPLER/RIT LiDAR. Baseline Models & Case Studies

8. What Else Have We Done? Black = Strong Returns White = No Returns Baseline Models & Case Studies

9. What Else Have We Done? Red = Erosion Yellow = Neutral Green = Deposition Baseline Models & Case Studies

10. Workshop Outline Intro to Baseline Models & Case Studies Overview of BMPs by Scale Large-Scale Watershed Models (ArcSWAT) Break Small –Scale Hillslope BMPs (WEPP) Lunch

11. NaturalVariability& Role of Scale Log space km 1 yr 1 min 1 hr 1 day 1 mon 10 yrs 100 yrs 1,000 yrs 10,000 yrs 1 sec -6 infiltration / moisture structure texture splash grass 1 cm2 micro interrill canopy 1 dm2 -4 tillage ridge depth plot 1 m2 buffer rill horticulture 100 m2 -2 catena hill- slope breeze crop orchard stand 1 ha gully sub-shed 1 km2 forest wood 0 fluvial 100 km2 landscape evolution water shed thunder storm 10,000 km2 2 basin 1MM km2 front longwaves El Niño climate change globe 4 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 Log time years Vegetation Management Unit Weather / Climate Soil / Lithology Erosion Process Topographic Scale

12. BMPs by Scale John Whitney’s most important agricultural BMPs on WNY farms: • Crop Rotation • Conservation Tillage • Nutrient Management • Pest Management • Buffers Other supporting practices include: • Cover Crops (often part of the Conservation Tillage/Residue Management package) but also important for organic matter improvements • Waste Management • Contour Farming • Strip Cropping BMPs by Scale

13. Cover Crop Rotation Patterns BMPs by Scale

14. Cover Crop Options BMPs by Scale

15. Scale Dependent Model Simulations • Models can only “see”/represent features larger than the basemap grid cell size • Historic DEM cell sizes range from 90 m to 10 m, but most current USGS DEM areas are 30 m or 10 m grid cell sizes • Models often aggregate landuse, soil, slope for the entire sub-basin to the DEM grid spatial reference and resolution • BMPs which involve small changes like riparian grass buffers can be modeled without a spatial reference • WEPP models hillslopes (representative and real) • GeoWEPP models small sub-basins (< 5 km2) • ArcSWAT models for larger watershed (> 5 km2) • HEC-GeoRAS models single channels and overbank area Model Scale Dependencies

16. WEPP Hillslope Interface Model Scale Dependencies

17. Watershedvs. FlowpathMethod • Watershed – aka offsite assessment • Measures sediment yield at the outlet point • Less memory intensive • Take less time • Identifies problem hillslopes • Uses Dominant Soil and Dominant Landuse • Flowpath – aka onsite assessment • Measures soil loss at each raster cell • Memory hog • Can take some time • Identifies problem areas within a hillslope • Uses Soil and Landuse of each cell Model Scale Dependencies

18. Method Comparison Flowpath Watershed Model Scale Dependencies

19. Watershedvs. FlowpathMethods Flowpath Watershed Model Scale Dependencies

20. Short-term & Long-Term Processes • Short-term: • Single storm events which demonstrate watershed responses to baseline conditions coupled with localized weather patterns • 5-year window (event year plus 2 yrs before and after) • Long-term: • Statistically defined weather conditions based on historic patterns which operate over much longer periods • 50-100 year window (models daily/hourly averages over time) • Allows return periods to be computed (100-yr, 500-yr, 1000-yr storms and floods).

21. Workshop Outline Intro to Baseline Models & Case Studies Overview of BMPs by Scale Large-Scale Watershed Models (ArcSWAT) Break Small –Scale Hillslope BMPs (WEPP) Lunch

22. Workshop Outline Intro to Baseline Models & Case Studies Overview of BMPs by Scale Large-Scale Watershed Models (ArcSWAT) Break Small –Scale Hillslope BMPs (WEPP) Lunch

23. Workshop Outline Intro to Baseline Models & Case Studies Overview of BMPs by Scale Large-Scale Watershed Models (ArcSWAT) Break Small –Scale Hillslope BMPs (WEPP) Lunch

24. Workshop Outline Intro to Baseline Models & Case Studies Overview of BMPs by Scale Large-Scale Watershed Models (ArcSWAT) Break Small –Scale Hillslope BMPs (WEPP) Lunch

25. Workshop Outline Medium-Scale Watershed BMPs (GeoWEPP) Break Modeling Flood Levels & BMPs (HEC-GeoRAS) Break Instructor Assisted Self-Paced Exercises Wrap-up & Closing Comments

26. Workshop Outline Medium-Scale Watershed BMPs (GeoWEPP) Break Modeling Flood Levels & BMPs (HEC-GeoRAS) Break Instructor Assisted Self-Paced Exercises Wrap-up & Closing Comments

27. Workshop Outline Medium-Scale Watershed BMPs (GeoWEPP) Break Modeling Flood Levels & BMPs (HEC-GeoRAS) Break Instructor Assisted Self-Paced Exercises Wrap-up & Closing Comments

28. Workshop Outline Medium-Scale Watershed BMPs (GeoWEPP) Break Modeling Flood Levels & BMPs (HEC-GeoRAS) Break Instructor Assisted Self-Paced Exercises Wrap-up & Closing Comments

29. Workshop Outline Medium-Scale Watershed BMPs (GeoWEPP) Break Modeling Flood Levels & BMPs (HEC-GeoRAS) Break Instructor Assisted Self-Paced Exercises Wrap-up & Closing Comments

30. Workshop Outline Medium-Scale Watershed BMPs (GeoWEPP) Break Modeling Flood Levels & BMPs (HEC-GeoRAS) Break Instructor Assisted Self-Paced Exercises Wrap-up & Closing Comments

31. What Have We Done? • Engaged with Stakeholders • Acquired / modified / refined / verified required data • DEM, soils, landuse, cross section profiles • Developed verifiable baseline models (Catt Creek and Clear Creek) • Conducted field trips and workshops for two-way knowledge transfer • Delineated watershed and stream networks to maximize sub-basins < 5 sq km • Chose BMPs to simulate • Chose modeling software to match basin size and BMPs to simulate • Selected sub-basins to model • Tested modeling software inputs or parameters to simulate BMPs • Evaluated model results Wrap-up & Closing Remarks

32. What’s Next To Do? • Conduct BMP Modeling Training Workshop (today) • Continue to engage with Stakeholders • Acquire / modify / refine / verify required data • DEM, soils, landuse, cross section profiles • Continue two-way knowledge transfer • Incorporate lessons learned in classroom setting • Develop and deliver a final written report Wrap-up & Closing Remarks