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Water Treatment

Water Treatment. CE 326 Principles of Environmental Engineering February 20, 2009 Tim Ellis, Ph.D., P.E. Announcements: Wednesday Lab: in 112 Town & will probably take the full 2 hours Volunteers to do lab in evening? See sign-up. Will confirm by email

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Water Treatment

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  1. Water Treatment CE 326 Principles of Environmental Engineering February 20, 2009 Tim Ellis, Ph.D., P.E.

  2. Announcements: Wednesday Lab: in 112 Town & will probably take the full 2 hours Volunteers to do lab in evening? See sign-up. Will confirm by email Water Chemistry I problems due next Monday 2/23/09

  3. Water Chemistry Calculations

  4. Organic Substances • Volatile Organic Compounds. • Compounds which are characterized by high v_____________ are classified as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). • VOCs may have particular adverse health effects. • They are a result of industrial, commercial, and agricultural activity. • Many are s___________ or additives (e.g., paint thinners).

  5. Synthetic Organic Compounds • Organic chemicals of an a________________ origin are termed synthetic organic compounds (SOCs). • Like VOCs, SOCs may have particular adverse health effects and are a result of • industrial, • commercial, and • agricultural activity. • Many SOCs are h__________, p___________, or i______________.

  6. Disinfection Byproducts • During disinfection of drinking water, chemical oxidants kill disease causing organisms (p_____________) but can also create toxic organic compounds. • These are termed disinfection byproducts (DBPs). • The most common source of DBPs is c__________ or b___________ of water containing organic matter. • This often results in trihalomethanes (THMs), the most common of which are: • Chloroform (CHCl3) • Bromoform (CHBr3) • Bromodichloromethane (CHBrCl2) • Dibromochloromethane (CHBr2Cl)

  7. Legislation • SDWA of 1974 • The S____ D_________ W_____ A___ (SDWA) was signed into law by President Gerald Ford in 1974. • It established minimum national standards for drinking water to protect public health. • The act established p___________ standards which specified maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for individual contaminants suspected of having an adverse affect on public health. • The act also established s__________ standards relating to tastes, odors, and appearance of drinking water. • SDWA set a timeline for the promulgation of standards with a review every three years.

  8. SDWA Amendments of 1986 • By the 1980s, a number of contaminants had yet to be regulated, and on June 19, 1986 President Reagan signed into law the 1986 Amendments to the SDWA. • Major aspects of the 1986 Amendments to the SDWA included: • C____________ revisions to drinking water regulations in a timely fashion. • Definition of a t___________ t___________ for each contaminant regulated. • Requirement of a treatment technique where it is not feasible to ascertain the level of a r___________ c______________ • F___________ r_____ for surface waters (Surface Water Treatment Rule, SWTR). • D____________ of all water supplies. • Prohibition on the use of l_____ products on conveyance systems. • Requirement for the protection of g__________ sources. • The SDWA directed EPA to set up several classes of compounds for which regulations are to be developed and to establish a timeline for development of the regulations.

  9. SDWA Amendments of 1996 • On November 29, 1996, the Senate passed a bill to r_____________ the SDWA. • This bill contained several amendments to the regulations which would lessen some of the regulatory burden on water utilities, especially small systems. • It bill passed the House on June 25, 1996 and both houses on August 2, 1996. • These amendments locked EPA into a 1998 deadline for issuing a DBP rule and enhanced SWTR. • Subsequent review and revisions to current standards is required every six years.

  10. Contaminant Candidate List • Currently, EPA has drinking water regulations for more than 90 contaminants. • The SDWA required EPA to maintain a list of unregulated contaminants. EPA uses this list to prioritize research and data collection efforts to determine whether to regulate a given contaminant. • In February 2005, EPA published its second list of contaminants, the contaminant candidate list (CCL). Currently EPA is soliciting nominations for CCL3.

  11. EPA LINKS • For the current list of standards see: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/contaminants/index.html • for the time line of promulgation, see: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/contaminants/pdfs/contam_timeline.pdf • for the contaminant candidate list see: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/ccl/ccl2.html • for nominating a contaminant to the CCL see: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/ccl/ccl3.html

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