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Broadband The Technology and Implications

Broadband The Technology and Implications. John Christopher Brian Eason Bob MacAulay Nathan White. Overview. Broadband and Bandwidth The Backbone The Last Mile Effects on Business Conclusion. Broadband and Bandwidth. Broadband

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Broadband The Technology and Implications

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  1. BroadbandThe Technology and Implications John Christopher Brian Eason Bob MacAulay Nathan White

  2. Overview • Broadband and Bandwidth • The Backbone • The Last Mile • Effects on Business • Conclusion

  3. Broadband and Bandwidth • Broadband • Providing multiple channels of data over a single communications medium • Bandwidth - • The amount of data that can be transmitted • Measured in Bits per second (bps) • It is all about “SPEED”

  4. Transmission Speeds

  5. The Internet backbone • What is a the “backbone” • A nation wide network that links other networks • High “speed” Link of the internet • Originally developed by the U. S. Government • Now Everyone wants to be a backbone Provider

  6. Development History • ARPAnet • Advanced Research Projects Agency for Space and Computer Research (ARPA) • Formed in 1958 • First Network in 1971, It ran at 56K • Decommissioned in 1990 • NSFnet • National Science Foundation • First network in 1985 • Went to T-1 Speed in 1988

  7. Network Development • Privatization • NSF started work in 1993 • Network Access Providers (NAP’s) • Originally only four • Ameritech - Chicago • Sprint - New York • PacBell - San Francisco • WorldComm - Washington, D.C. • All ISP’s/Users had to exchange data here • NSFnet decommission in 1995.

  8. The Original NAP’s Chicago New York SanFrancisco WashingtonD.C.

  9. Internet Growth

  10. It was not enough • The 4 NAP’s Could not handle the demand • Over 50 companies building networks • UUnet, Level 3, Qwest, Enron etc… • Billion dollar investments • Do not necessarily connect to a NAP everytime • Peering • Will Bandwidth become a commodity • Bandwidth.com • Enron commoditized the natural gas market

  11. Choosing a Backbone Provider • Network Capacity • Currently networks are under utilized • Peering • “Shortest Exit” • Increased traffic may change this • Redundancy • The four nines (99.99) • Expertise • Customer Service 24/7 • Price

  12. How fast is your connection • Speed Test • http://www.computingcentral.com/topics/bandwidth/speedtest.asp • Technology Comparison • http://www.cable-modem.net/oct99/chart.html

  13. Last Mile • DSL vs. Cable • Cable has the early lead • Each has its limitations • cable is shared bandwidth • DSL has distance limitations. • 2002 Wireless will begin to compete • Data transmission speed is limiting factor

  14. Subscriber Estimates

  15. DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) • Using POTS for data • Has been around since 1990 • Changing from Analog to Digital and Circuit to Packet • Utilizes high frequencies to transmit data,keeps analog voices at lower frequencies • Players are ILECS=RBOCS,CLECS, DLECS • ILECS - Bell Atlantic and SBC • CLECS, DLECS- Covad,Rhythms Net Connections, Jato • Telecom Act of 1996 allowed CLECS to use ILECS lines • Had to pay a fee “sharing costs” • FCC ruling on 11/99 reduced line sharing costs

  16. DSL Examples • The “short hand” can be confusing • xDSL - all types of DSL lines • HDSL2 - provides same bandwidth in upstream and downstream (used for businesses) • ADSL - provides more bandwidth in the downstream than in the upstream( used in residential market) • IDSL - used to reach subscribers that are more than 18,000 feet from central offices. (limited to 144 kbps) • VDSL - very high speed with capacity to blast video channels across fiber.

  17. DSL Deployment Models • Central Office (CO) Deployment • DSL signals run on copper loops connecting a central office to a business. • DSLAM (DSL access multiplexer) is located in CO • Allows carriers the ability to reach a large number of customers • Point to Point connections • Problem - DSL signals decrease over distance so bandwidth is actually lower than the theoretical maximum. • An example of what is lost from distance • a DSL line run of 4,000 feet can deliver 20Mbps • a DSL line run of 12,000 feet can only deliver 384 Kbps to 1.5 Mbps

  18. DSL Deployment

  19. DSL Deployment • Multi-Tenant unit (MTU) • Links the DSL to the in-wiring of a building • DSLAM sits in the basement of the building and from there the traffic is sent to the central office using another DSL line or a T-1 line • Provides speeds up to 2.3 Mbps consistently. • New service providers such as Allied Riser and Onsite Access have cut deals with building landlords.

  20. Bottlenecks to DSL Deployment • Loop lengths and non-compatible electronics constrain DSL expansion • Only available to 44% of residential lines • The installation of another line for CLECS took 2-3 weeks. • The ruling in November should speed this process up. • What Companies are doing • SBC Project Pronto

  21. Cable • First deployed in the 40’s • Telco Act of 1996 • Gave cable operators the ability to provide any service • AT&T deal with TCI propelled the need for 2 way capable infrastructures. • The ability to bundle • In order to have 2 way, cable operators are going to have to upgrade their plants. • Currently 50% upgraded • Requires billions in investment

  22. Old Cable Plant Set-Up

  23. Upgraded Cable Plant

  24. Results of Plant Upgrades • Benefits • Brings fiber closer to the end user • Reduces the number of users per node • Support high data speeds: 27 mbps downstream and 10 mbps upstream • Phone, Web surfing, and Streaming video • Standards in Equipment • Drawback • Bandwidth is shared (party line ) • Security/Privacy concerns

  25. Wireless • Started in the 80’s to compete with cable. • Echostar, Direct TV • Not very Successful • Mobile Phone Network • do not have the bandwidth, but it is evolving • MMDS - Multichannel Multipoint Distribution System • in 1998 FCC allowed 2 way communication over the MMDS band.

  26. Future of Wireless Broadband • Concerns • Late to the game. • Line of sight requirements • Like cable uses a shared network • Infrastructure not in place. Equipment not available until 2001. • Opportunities • Companies like Sprint and MCI buying up swaths of fixed wireless broadband • Sprints Big Stick- • Wireless will serve niche markets ..not a force for a few years, It will give it time to develop

  27. The need for speed • Click and Tick E-commerce • 1999 estimates are that $4.35 billion in e-commerce sales are lost due to unacceptable download speeds • People do not like to wait • Two distinct markets • Business • Residential

  28. Business • Internet • streamlined supply chain • mobile and telecommuting employees • Management • more value-add time • decreases decision times • greater training required • Communication link is mission critical

  29. Business • Infrastructure • needs to be re-wired • need to know your suppliers • Applications • bigger, quicker, more complex • migrating from the PC to the server • GroupWare • Data - exponential increase • POP - increase connectivity & productivity

  30. Residential

  31. The Answer • 10-GBPS • Right now it looks like fiber is the answer • However it is expensive and takes time to develop the network infrastructure • The current players are phone, cable, wireless and they are doing their best to fill the consumers needs

  32. The Players • Phone and Cable • Huge capital invested in infrastructure • Only option is to upgrade • Consolidation and acquisitions • Wireless • Mobile versus fixed • Again infrastructure costs • Not a commercially viable option yet

  33. Problems • Right now, none of these are the “answer” • They do not have the infrastructure • Government • Over capacity and “Last Mile” • Chicken and Egg scenario • Fierce competition • Lack of standards (ATM vs IP) (TV vs PC) • patched network = not efficient

  34. Recap - ValueNet Customers Residential users Business users Regional Bell Operating Carriers(RBOC) Long-Distance carriers Cellular Phone Manufacturers (Nokia) International carriers Wireless providers Cable companies Satellite ISP's Entertainment Industry Substitutes Compliments Any two-way comm. stream Government RBOCs Calling cards Long-Distance carriers Pre-paid calling cards International carriers Billing outsourcing (Hansen Corp) Wireless providers Cable companies Cable companies Portal sites Satellite RBOCs ISP's Long-Distance carriers Cellular Phone Manufacturers International carriers Suppliers Wireless providers Hardware (Lucent, Tellabs, Ciena) Cable companies Switching companies (Lucent, Siemens) Satellite RBOCs ISP's Long-Distance carriers Entertainment Industry Cellular Phone Manufacturers Company Intranets International carriers Wireless providers Cable companies Satellite ISP's Entertainment Industry

  35. Opportunities • Reduction of barriers to entry (1996 Act) • Technological advances • Opens the doors for disruptive technologies • and new markets (i.e. VoIP) • Cooperation

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