Study sites

1. Evaluation of conservation hatchery rearing and release strategies for steelhead recovery in Hood Canal • Barry Berejikian • National Marine Fisheries Service • ParticipantsOrganization • Julie Scheurer National Marine Fisheries Service • Don VanDoornik National Marine Fisheries Service • David Kuligowski National Marine Fisheries Service • Joy Lee Long Live the Kings • Kathy Hopper Long Live the Kings • Rick Endicott Long Live the Kings • Eric Volk Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife • Thom Johnson Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife • Chris Weller Point No Point Treaty Council

2. Study sites Olympic Peninsula Dosewallips River Duckabush River Hamma Hamma River Dewatto River

3. Objectives O 1. Determine the effects of a supplementation program on spawner abundance in the Hamma Hamma River - Compare the number of redds in supplemented and ‘control’ streams before and after. 2. Determine the effects of current velocity on breeding success of captively reared steelhead - Hamma Hamma River - Controlled stream channel .

4. Redd surveys in Hamma Hamma River and other Hood Canal streams Objective 1

5. Table. 1. Summary of redds identified, sampled, and embryos collected over the first five years of the project.

6. Rearing and release strategies 1. Smolt rearing (age-2 release) under two conditions Lilliwaup Hatchery (50%) Johns Cr. Pond (50%) 2. Captive rearing at Lilliwaup Hatchery (age-4 release)

7. Release and return events • wild fish expected to return each year • assumes age-4 maturity, scale analyses are being conducted

8. Redd abundance in Hood Canal streams Post- supplementation Smolts released Pre-supplementation

9. H01: Abundance of adult steelhead (estimated from redd counts) in Hood Canal rivers is unaffected by supplementation H01 can be tested with the above model by June 2006 Objective 1

10. H02: Exercise has no effect on breeding success of captively-reared (ARG) steelhead HV – 20 cm length HV – 120 cm LV

11. The frequency with which courting pairs of high velocity (HV), low velocity (LV) ARG and anadromous adults were observed in the Hamma Hamma River in 2002.

12. Eyed egg viability 1/ data from wild females collected between 1998-2003

13. Reproductive behavior and success measured under experimental conditions

14. Stream channel study objectives • Determine effects of current velocity on reproductive behavior and adult-to-fry reproductive success (ANCOVA) • Identify phenotypic characteristics (including behavior) that explain variation in adult-to-fry reproductive success (Stepwise Regression) • Describe basic reproductive behavior of steelhead

15. Nocturnal spawning N = 173

16. Male reproductive behavior

17. Female reproductive behavior and egg deposition

18. Adult-to-fry reproductive success(DNA pedigree analysis) LV HV LV HV *All females and all but one male produced at least one fry (sampling rate = 6%)

19. Male size (covariate) effect on rs

20. Female size (covariate) effect on rs

21. Variables entered into stepwise regression procedure • Males • Courting frequency • Peripheral male frequency • Aggression towards males • Aggression towards females • Females • Maturation at age-3 • Aggression towards males • Aggression towards females • Spawn timing P < 0.001 Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns

22. Mate acquisition and RS

23. Conclusions • The supplementation program is increasing redd abundance in Hamma Hamma River • Captive reared steelhead released as pre-spawning adults appear to exhibit a high level of breeding success. • Exercise had few detectable effects on reproductive performance and may have negatively influenced males • Reproductive success of adult releases and genetic effects of the supplementation program will be evaluated over next few years.