1 / 50

Beginning Greek for Bible Study

Evgw, eivmi to; A[lfa. Beginning Greek for Bible Study. Class #5 Conjunctions and Other Grammatical Friends. kai; to; w =. Exegetical Example.

avery
Download Presentation

Beginning Greek for Bible Study

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Evgw, eivmi to; A[lfa Beginning Greek for Bible Study Class #5 Conjunctions and Other Grammatical Friends kai; to; w=

  2. Exegetical Example 1 Peter 1:3 - Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who according to His great mercy chas caused us to be born again to a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, 4 to obtain an inheritance which is imperishable and undefiled and will not fade away, reserved in heaven for you, 5who are protected by the power of God through faith for a salvation ready to be revealed in the last time.

  3. Exegetical Example tou.j evn duna,mei qeou/ frouroume,nouj dia. pi,stewj eivj swthri,an e`toi,mhn avpokalufqh/nai evn kairw/| evsca,tw|Å

  4. Conjunctions • Conjunctions are words that link thoughts together. • Conjunctions are significant in Bible study because they show the relationship between clauses. • There are two basic types of conjunctions: • Coordinating • Subordinating

  5. Coordinating Conjunctions • A coordinating conjunction connect grammatically equal units. • kai, - “and,” “also,” “even,” “but” • de, - “and,” “now,” “then,” “but” • ga,r – “for” • avlla, - “but” • ou=n – “therefore” • h; – “or”

  6. Subordinate Conjunctions • Subordinate conjunctions introduce dependent clauses • o[ti – “because,” “that” • i[na – “so that,” “in order that,” “that” • eiv – “if” • eva,n – “if” • o[te – “when”

  7. Correlative Conjunctions • Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that function together: • me,n … de, – on the one hand … but on the other • kai, … kai, - both … and • h; … h; - either … or • mh,te … mh,te – neither … nor • ou;te … ou;te – neither … nor • ou,k … avlla, - not … but • te … kai, - both … and

  8. Interlinears and Homework • English Greek New Testament (EGNT) and Interlinear for the Rest of Us (IRU) are the same book. • It is an interlinear New Testament, which gives the NIV English text, the Greek text, parsing information, and Strong’s codes.

  9. Advantages of IRU • By keeping the English word order, the text is more user friendly. • The parsing information is very helpful. • A Greek-English Dictionary is included

  10. Disadvantages of IRU • The book is expensive ($49.99 retail, $32 online) • The Greek text that is used in IRU is a non-standard Greek text. • There are other options which may be better solutions.

  11. Other options • The New Greek English Interlinear New Testament by Brown & Comfort (Tyndale, 1993) - $24.99 retail, $16.50 online. • Or online: • www. blueletterbible.org • www.searchgodsword.org

  12. Adjectives • An adjective is a word that modifies a noun or pronoun. • Adjectives can function in two ways: • Attributive – John is a good man. • Substantive – The poor and the rich have a common bond, the LORD is the maker of them all (Prov. 22:2). • Adjectives can be in the predicate: • John is bad.

  13. Adjectives • Other phrases can function to modify nouns (prepositional phrase, participial phrase). • A phrase can also function as a substantive (noun).

  14. Greek Adjectives • Unlike English, Greek adjectives are not always right in front of the noun they modify. • The word order can be: • Article + adjective + noun • avpo. th/j prw,thj h`me,raj a;cri tou/ nu/n • From the first day • Article + noun + article + adjective • to. pneu/ma to. a[gion • the spirit the holy = the holy spirit • This is how Greek handles attributive adjectives

  15. Greek Adjectives • Greek adjectives can also function as substantives (think, “nouns”). • VIwsh.f de. o` avnh.r auvth/j( di,kaioj w'n • Joseph but the husband of her righteous being • But Joseph, her husband, being a righteous man • Another important example is Matt. 6:13 • avlla. r`u/sai h`ma/j avpo. tou/ ponhrou/ • But deliver us from evil • But deliever us from the evil one.

  16. Greek Adjectives • An adjective must agree with the word it modifies in case, number, and gender.

  17. The Greek Article • Greek only has a definite article. It does not have an indefinite article like English. • The function of the article is not simply to make definite something that would otherwise be indefinite.

  18. The Greek Article • Definite article - oi` maqhtai. • Grammatical marker - meta. tw/n avgge,lwn tw/n a`gi,wn • With proper nouns (names) - o` VIhsou/j • To make a participle or adjective into a noun - le,gei tw/| avnqrw,pw| tw/| th.n xhra.n cei/ra e;conti • To function as a personal, possessive, or relative pronoun - Oi` a;ndrej( avgapa/te ta.j gunai/kaj • Often not used when English requires it - VEn avrch/| h=n o` lo,goj

  19. Cases

  20. Prepositions • In Greek, the preposition governs the case of the object • Some prepositions always take the same case of the object: • evn – dative = “in” • evk – genitive = “out of” • eivj – accusative = “into” • However, some prepositions take objects in different cases. The case determines the meaning of the preposition: • dia, - with the genitive = “through” • dia, - with the accusative = “on account of”

  21. Participle phrases • A participle is a verb ending in “ing.” • A participle phrase is a participle that takes an object and often modifiers as well. (“seeing the black cat”)

  22. Participle phrases • Sometimes translators will change a participial phrase (dependent) to an independent clause or phrase. They do this for two reasons: • Greek often has very long sentences which need to be broken up when translating into English. • Eph. 1:3-14 is one sentence in Greek! • In order to break the section up into manageable sections, some participles are turned into regular verbs (vs. 5 – “predestining” => “predestined”) • This is sometimes necessary in English, but unhelpful in terms of seeing the author’s flow of thought.

  23. Participle phrases • Sometimes translators will change a participial phrase (dependent) to an independent clause or phrase. They do this for two reasons: • Greek likes using a participle followed by a regular verb. • “Herod called the Magi secretly and found out from them…” (Matt. 2:7) • “Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them… and teaching them…” (Matt. 28:19-20)

  24. Clauses • Relative clause – a relative pronoun is a noun substitute (“who(m), whose, that, which what(ever)). • Sometimes a pronoun needs to be added to make the relative clause makes sense in English: • “Who will be first will be last” => • “He who will be first will be last”

  25. Clauses • Pronouns and antecedents – an antecedent is the noun a pronoun refers to. Sometimes, the translation from Greek to English makes the antecedent unclear. • o] ga.r avpe,qanen( th/| a`marti,a| avpe,qanen evfa,pax • Which for he died to the sin he died once for all • KJV – For in that he died, he died unto sin once. • ESV – The death he died, he died to sin once for all. • NLT – He died once to defeat sin.

  26. Clauses • 4 Classes of conditional clauses (“if… then”) • 1st class – “condition of fact” • 2nd class – “contrary to fact” • 3rd class – “more probable future” • 4th class – “less probable future”

  27. Clauses • 1st class – “condition of fact” • Begins with eiv (“if”), verb is indicative • If something is true, and let’s assume so for the sake of argument, then… • 2nd class – “contrary to fact” • Begins with eiv (“if”), verb is indicative • If something is true, even though we know it is not, then…

  28. Clauses • 3rd class – “more probable future” • Begins with eva,n (“if”), verb is subjunctive • If some event happens in the future, and it is likely to happen, then… • If + an axiomatic truth (“if anyone walks in the day”), then… • 4th class – “less probable future” • Begins with eiv (“if”), verb is optative • If something happens, and it is unlikely that it will, then…

  29. Homework • Do the exercises at the end of chapter 12 in Greek for the Rest of Us (Green book) • Read chapter 13 in Greek for the Rest of Us (Green book) • Lead a Bible study with your family this week based on a passage you have “phrased.”

  30. Advanced Class Class #5 Adjectives & Pronouns

  31. Practice • o` ku,rioj tou/ ouvranou/ • ei=pen auvtoi/j o` VIhsou/j • avlla. e;gnwka u`ma/j o[ti th.n avga,phn tou/ qeou/ ouvk e;cete evn e`autoi/j • VArch. tou/ euvaggeli,ou VIhsou/ Cristou/ • evpi,steusen o` a;nqrwpoj tw/| lo,gw| • Do,xan para. avnqrw,pwn ouv lamba,nw • kai. evbapti,zonto u`pV auvtou/ evn tw/| VIorda,nh

  32. Greek Cases

  33. The Article

  34. Noun Rules • Stems ending in alpha or eta are in the first declension, stems ending in omicron are in the second, and consonantal stems are in the third declension. • Every neuter word has the same form in the nominative and accusative. • Almost all neuter words end in alpha in the nominative and accusative plural. • In the dative singular, the iota subscripts if possible. • Vowels often change their length (ablaut). • In the genitive and dative, the masculine and neuter will always be identical.

  35. eivmi, • eivmi is the most common verb in Greek and it needs to be memorized.

  36. More on Adjectives • Attribute adjectives can be used in two positions: • First attributive – art + adj + noun • o` avgaqo.j a;nqrwpoj = the good man • Second attributive – art + noun + art + adj • o` a;nqrwpoj o` avgaqo.j = the good man • If there is no noun, the adjective is probably functioning substantively (as a noun) • o` avgaqo.j = the good man/person

  37. More on Adjectives • If the adjective lacks the article, it is predicate • o` a;nqrwpoj avgaqo.j = the man is good • avgaqo.j o` a;nqrwpoj = the man is good

  38. Adjective Chart

  39. First & Second Person Personal Pronouns First Person

  40. First & Second Person Personal Pronouns Second Person

  41. auvto,j • auvto,j is the 3rd person personal pronoun • It is similar to the 1st and 2nd person personal pronouns, except that it has gender • It has three purposes: • As a personal pronoun (he, she, it, they) • As an adjectival intensive • As an identical adjective (“same”)

  42. Adjectival Intensive • It normal modifies another word, and is usually in the predicate position • auvto.j o` avpostoloj = the apostle himself • auvto.j to. dw/ron = the gift itself • Used this way, the pronoun is usually in the nominative case and modifies the subject: • auvto.j Daui.d ei=pen evn tw/| pneu,mati tw/| a`gi,w|( • Ihsou/j auvto.j ouvk evba,ptizen avllV oi` maqhtai. auvtou/

  43. Identical Adjective • Used this way, the pronoun is translated as “same,” and is often in the attributive position. • kai. pa,lin avpelqw.n proshu,xato to.n auvto.n lo,gon eivpw,n • VEn auvth/| th/| w[ra| prosh/lqa,n tinej Farisai/oi

  44. Chart • The pronoun auvto,j follows the same case endings as adjectives and the nouns we have learned thus far (2-1-2)

  45. Homework • Read chapters 10, 13, & 14 in Basics of Biblical Greek (blue book) • Learn the vocabulary words in chapters 9, 11 & 12 in Basics of Biblical Greek (blue book) • Do the workbook exercises for chapters 9, 11, & 12

More Related