Standard Grade Enquiry Skills

1. Standard Grade Enquiry Skills • You will learn: • how to answer an Enquiry Skills 5 question

2. “Selecting of facts” Questions use the wording of the question to help you head up your columns Evidence for Evidence against Identify the source Make sure you use all the sources

3. Source Awas written by Sylvia Pankhurst recalling her involvement in the W.S.P.U. Deeply unhappy with this new policy of Militancy. We would lose public sympathy. I was deeply unhappy with this new policy of Militancy. In my opinion we would lose public sympathy. Fire raising reduced support whilst increasing opposition. On the other hand, the heroism of the militants, and the Government’s poor handling of them, largely balanced out any harm that their violence had done. Masses of people felt that, against a Government so stubborn, women had no choice but to use violence. Men had done this in the past when struggling for the vote. Fire raising reduced support/increased opposition. Heroism of the militants Against a Government so stubborn, women had no choice but to use violence. Men had done this in the past when struggling for the vote. What evidence is there in the sources to support the view that Suffragette militancy harmed their cause? What evidence is there in the sources to support the view that Suffragette militancy helped their cause?

4. Source Bis by Mrs Millicent Fawcett, leader of the Suffragists. Militancy is detested by the majority of Suffragists. No triumphs have been won by physical force I detest militancy and so do the majority of Suffragists. None of the great triumphs of the women’s movement have been won by physical force. However, the stupid mistakes of the politicians have caused some women to turn to violence. I don’t like it but such self-sacrifice has moved people who would otherwise sit still and do nothing. I am told that the reporters who actually see what takes place in the streets are impressed; but they are not allowed to report things as they happened. Nothing is reported except what can be turned into ridicule. Self-sacrifice has moved people who would otherwise sit still and do nothing Reporters were impressed Press ridiculed Suffragettes What evidence is there in the sources to support the view that Suffragette militancy helped their cause? What evidence is there in the sources to support the view that Suffragette militancy harmed their cause?

5. Source Cis from “A Century of Women…” Bravery of suffragettes won them admiration They had support from women and men of all classes Militancy as a tactic had contradicting effects. The bravery of the Suffragettes won them admiration. They had support not only from women but from men of all classes. Dockers formed part of Mrs Pankhurst’s bodyguard when she spoke in Glasgow in 1914. Some men formed a movement to support the Suffragettes. However, militancy provoked considerable ridicule and hostility. A letter to the “Daily Express” in June 1914 called for shaving the heads of every militant Suffragette. Dockers acted as bodyguards for Mrs Pankhurst Some men formed a movement to support the Suffragettes. Militancy provoked ridicule and hostility Militant suffragettes should have their heads shaved. What evidence is there in the sources to support the view that Suffragette militancy harmed their cause? What evidence is there in the sources to support the view that Suffragette militancy helped their cause?

6. Militancy harmed their cause Militancy helped their cause • Source A • the militants were heroes • people recognised govt reaction left women with no alternative • people recognised women were simply using similar means men had used in past • Source B • self-sacrifice has moved people who would otherwise sit still and do nothing • reporters were impressed. • Source C • bravery won them admiration • they had support from women and men of all classes • Dockers acted as bodyguards for Mrs Pankhurst • some men formed a movement to support the Suffragettes. • Source A • deeply unhappy with new policy of militancy • public sympathy would be weakened • fire raising lost them support/opposition increased. • Source B • militancy is detested by majority of Suffragists • no triumphs have been won by physical force • press ridiculed Suffragettes. • Source C • Militancy provoked ridicule and hostility • Militant suffragettes should have their heads shaved.

7. Source Ais from a report from the Sanitary Inspector for Sutherland in 1912. The typical crofters’ home was built 50 or 60 years ago of dry stone. They originally had thatched roofs but recently these have been improved by a wood and iron or felt roof. The walls are naturally damp, often from foundations to roof. In 50% of the houses, the small windows are fixed shut and cannot be opened. In many cases every gap is stuffed up to exclude draughts. It is difficult to disinfect such a place efficiently. Roofs were improved by wood and iron/felt roof. The walls are naturally damp Small windows are fixed shut gaps needed to be stuffed up to exclude draughts What evidence is there in the sources to support the view that rural housing in Scotland had not improved by 1930? What evidence is there in the sources to support the view that rural housing in Scotland had improved by 1930?

8. Source Bis from “A Century of the Scottish People 1830–1930”, published in 1986. there were still cottages with only one room Even as late as 1913, in the Lothians, some cottages were still to be found with only one room. There were also those which lacked sanitation. Without better housing, employers found it increasingly difficult to get men at all. In 1892, a reporter noted that housing of farm labourers had vastly improved. Comfort was evident both inside and outside the cottages. In the Lowlands, the foul old bothies housing bachelor farmhands finally died out. This was part of a general improvement in farmworkers’ conditions. some lacked sanitation. houses of farm labourers had vastly improved comfort was evident both inside and outside the foul old bothies had died out What evidence is there in the sources to support the view that rural housing in Scotland had not improved by 1930? What evidence is there in the sources to support the view that rural housing in Scotland had improved by 1930?

9. Source Cis from “Country Life in Scotland” by Alexander Fenton published in 2008 by 1860s rebuilding of farm worker housing was widespread By the 1860s rebuilding of housing for farmworkers was widespread. The church exerted pressure against the immorality of large families in single-room dwellings. By 1900 most houses were on two floors. Roofs were heightened and slated. Improvements in the actual buildings, however, were not always accompanied by better facilities. Water supplies were not always provided. Nor were privies always built. Farmworkers moved frequently so there was little incentive for the occupants to look after their property. The owners were unlikely to fit cottages out well for tenants who were likely to be careless with them. by 1900 most houses were on two floors roofs were heightened/slated improvements in buildings were not always accompanied with better facilities water supplies were not always provided privies were not always built farm workers/owners had little incentive to improve property. What evidence is there in the sources to support the view that rural housing in Scotland had not improved by 1930? What evidence is there in the sources to support the view that rural housing in Scotland had improved by 1930?

10. had not improved had improved • Source A • the walls are naturally damp • small windows are fixed shut • gaps needed to be stuffed up to exclude draughts • Source B • there were still cottages with only one room • some lacked sanitation. • Source C • improvements in buildings were not always accompanied with better • facilities • water supplies were not always provided • privies were not always built • farm workers/owners had little incentive to improve property. • Source A • roofs were improved by wood and iron/felt roof • Source B • houses of farm labourers had vastly improved • comfort was evident both inside and outside the cottages • foul old bothies had died out. • Source C • by 1860’s rebuilding of farm worker housing was widespread • by 1900 most houses were on two floors • roofs were heightened.