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第三节 盐类水解

第三节 盐类水解. 第 1 课时 盐类水解基础知识. 工业中，经常用氯化铵溶液除铁锈。. 为什么选用稀盐酸可以去除铁锈？. 氯化铵溶液中有哪些离子？. 哪种离子和铁锈反应了？. 氯化铵溶液显酸性. NH 4 + + H 2 O NH 3 · H 2 O + H +. NH 4 Cl + H 2 O NH 3 · H 2 O + HCl. c( H + )=c( OH - ). +. 水的电离平衡向正方向移动. NH 4 +.

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第三节 盐类水解

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  1. 第三节 盐类水解 第1课时 盐类水解基础知识

  2. 工业中，经常用氯化铵溶液除铁锈。 为什么选用稀盐酸可以去除铁锈？ 氯化铵溶液中有哪些离子？ 哪种离子和铁锈反应了？ 氯化铵溶液显酸性

  3. NH4+ + H2O NH3 · H2O + H+ NH4Cl + H2O NH3 · H2O + HCl c(H+)=c(OH-) + 水的电离平衡向正方向移动 NH4+ H2O OH- + H+ NH3 · H2O c(H+)>c(OH-) NH4+与OH-相互作用生成了弱电解质NH3·H2O 溶液显酸性

  4. 一、盐类水解的定义 在溶液中，盐电离出来的离子跟水所电离出来的H+或OH-结合生成弱电解质,促进水电离，使溶液中的c(H+) ≠ c(OH-) , 盐溶液显碱性或酸性。

  5. 二.盐类水解本质 在溶液中，弱离子电离出来的离子跟水所电离出来的H+或OH-结合生成弱电解质，促进了水的电离，导致溶液中的c(H+),c(OH-)不等

  6. CH3COO- + H2O CH3COOH +OH- CH3COONa + H2O CH3COOH +NaOH c(H+)=c(OH-) CH3COONa = CH3COO_+Na+ 水的电离平衡向正方向移动 + H2O H+ + OH_ CH3COOH c(H+)<c(OH-) CH3COO_与H+相互作用生成了弱电解质CH3COOH 溶液显碱性

  7. 练习：归纳盐类水解条件： ①可溶性的盐 ②盐的组成中必须含有可以和水生成弱电解质的离子 弱酸根： S2-、CO32-、 HCO3-，F- 等 弱碱阳离子： NH4+ ，Al3+，Fe3+ 等

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