Conveying Information

1. Conveying Information Panther Prep (Public Speaking) North Central High School

2. Speech Delivery • There are several different types of speech deliveries: • Impromptu – Very little prep time • Manuscript – Exact words written out • Memorized – Exact words memorized • Extemporaneous –Outlined, but not scripted • Each of these has its own place and time when it is appropriate for use.

3. Impromptu Speeches • Impromptu speeches do not allow for extensive prep. • The down fall to these speeches is that they tend to be unorganized and can “ramble” on. • The chances of a successful Impromptu speech can be improved by: • Keeping it short and relevant • Using analogies from personal experience • Handle ONLY 1 main point • Make sure the central idea is plainly stated

4. Manuscript Speeches • Manuscript speeches can be dangerous because they: • Reduce eye contact with the audience • Can be boring if simply read (without emotion) • Can cause the speaker to be more involved with the words than the message. • To succeed in a manuscript speech, the speaker should: • Type in CAPS and triple space • Practice delivery aloud • Use markings to indicate where emphasis and emotion should be

5. Memorized Speeches • Memorized speeches can be impressive, but require a certain amount of skill and preparation: • Takes a lot of time to memorize • Requires a degree of acting ability • Risk of forgetting speech is high with out help • Speaker will struggle with changes and can be distracted from the message • Memorized speeches should only be delivered when necessary and/or when the speaker is comfortable with their skill and the situation.

6. Extemporaneous Speeches • Extemporaneous speeches can be the most effective speeches because the star of the speech is the message and not the rhetoric. • Another term for this type of speech is “outlined” speech. • In an extemporaneous speech, the speaker should know the important details, but the word order is not predetermined. • The use of note cards or outlines can be very helpful.

7. Information Presentation • There are 6 main ways of integrating information into the body of the speech. • Examples • Explanations • Statistics • Testimony • Compare/Contrast • Visual Aids • Each type of integration, there are specific forms of use.

8. Examples • Types of example integration include: • Brief Factual Example • Brief Hypothetical Example • Detailed Factual Example • Detailed Hypothetical Example • The benefit of examples is that they put information into context. • The downside of examples is that the audience can get lost or distracted by extraneous details.

9. Explanation • Explanation techniques include: • Exposition (ordered explanation) • Analysis (breaking down, explain parts) • Definition (exact, but avoid further confusion) • Description (5 senses) • Benefits include creating mental pictures for the audience. • Downfalls include the likelihood of boring the audience.

10. Using Stats • Statistics can express ranges and degree of information. • Stats can weigh down a speech so the speaker should: • Dramatize stats (Stats must be accurate, but can be rearranged to make a point.) • Round off stats (35,147 or over 35 Thousand?) • Graphically display stats (Numbers can be distracting and audience will mull over numbers and tune out speaker.)

11. Testimony • Testimony is a way of getting, what the audience perceives as first-hand information, in to the speech. • The author of the testimony must be trustworthy and must have the respect of the audience. (Avoid hypocrites.) • If the audience does not trust a source then they will not trust anything that is related to that source. (You lost them.)

12. Compare/Contrast • The benefit of compare/contrast is that that the speaker is able to put the positive idea and the negative idea on the same field. • The down fall is that the audience can perceive bias on the part of the speaker. • “Spin” – Manipulating factual information to fit a non-factual purpose.

13. Visual Aids • Visual aids can enhance a speech by making the information more memorable to the audience. • Aids can include: • Charts and graphs • Slides and film clips • Transparencies or PowerPoint slides • Pamphlets and handouts • Re-enactments or roleplaying

14. Rules of Visual Aids • Visual aids should enhance a speech but should never distract from the message. • Handouts often distract from the speaker because the audience reads the handout instead of listening to the speaker. • Flashy visual aids can draw attention away from the speaker and get the audience lost in technology instead of the issue.

15. Visual Aid Checklist • When using visual aids, the speaker should: • Make the aid large enough for all to see • Avoid complexity in the aid • Illustrate main points only (less is more) • Refer to the aid physically and in word • Avoid facing the aid (NO BACK TO THE AUDIENCE!) • Keep aid out of view when not in use • Do not hand out aid to audience (especially during speech) • Do not get lost in the aid (speak and refer) • Be able to go without aid in case of problem

16. Up to 6 Volunteers PREPARATION: Pick and object in the room and give it a job that it would not normally do. Take 10 min. organize your thoughts and prepare to introduce the item to the class. Use the item as a visual aid. DELIVERY: You will have 5 min. to deliver the speech. (NO SCRIPTS) Be sure to include all of the following in your speech: The name The function The benefit Why it is the “best thing ever” Use the item as an aid in your presentation. Impromptu Speech: Sell Me!

17. Impromptu Speech Sell Me!