Sequence

1. Developments needed in Curricula to prepare Military Officers and Defence Officials for their Roles in dealing with Future Defence and Security Challenges

2. Sequence • Future Security Challenges / Issues • Moot Points • Curriculum • Conclusion

3. Introduction

4. If no nuclear holocaust takes place, then conventional war appears to be in the final stages of abolishing itself; if one does take place, then it will already have abolished itself. This dilemma does not mean that perpetual peace is on its way, much less that organized violence is coming to an end. As war between states exits through one side of history’s revolving door, low-intensity conflict among different organizations will enter through the other

5. Introduction

6. Future Security Challenges / Issues • Terrorism • 976 major acts of international terrorism committed from year 2003 to 2005 with an annual average of 325 Ian Bellany

7. Pakistan’s Role in Countering Terrorism • In 2006, in Pakistan 657 terrorist attacks, including 41 of sectarian nature were perpetrated, leaving 907 people dead and 1,543 others injured ‘Pak Institute for Peace Studies’ • Pakistan is signatory to 11 United Nations Counter Terrorism conventions

8. Pakistan’s Role in Countering Terrorism • Pakistan has signed extradition treaties with thirty countries • Enhancing cooperating with ASEAN Regional Forum • Cooperating with coalition partners in Afghanistan

9. Pakistan’s Role in Countering Terrorism • Captured more terrorists, especially over 600 linked with Al-Qaida • Committed some 80,000 troops along its Western Borders • Pakistan has so far lost 900 personnel in counter terrorist operations in areas close to Pakistan – Afghanistan Border

10. Future Security Challenges / Issues • Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)

11. Future Security Challenges / Issues • Extremism • At the national and international levels, unjust economic, social and political systems which really spawn violations of economic, social, cultural, civil and political rights, contribute to the birth and nurturing of extremism which ultimately leads to terrorism

12. Future Security Challenges / Issues • Extremism • To break the synergy between politico-religious extremism, major powers should avoid the double standards, discriminatory approach, intolerance, unwillingness to compromise

13. Future Security Challenges / Issues • Role of Non State Actors • pursue their own agenda, protect their own interests and have loyalties only to themselves, hence further complicate the global security environment

14. Future Security Challenges / Issues • Asymmetric Warfare / Threats • Radical groups and relatively weaker non-state actors are using unexpected means to deal stunning blows to more powerful opponents • The modern means and modes such as information and cyber warfare make them ever more evasive and lethal

15. Future Security Challenges / Issues • Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW) • Combat Military Operations may include, counter terrorism / counter insurgency operations, UN operations (Chapter 7), counter drug / weapons and anti piracy operations, participation in coalition operations, enforcement of maritime regimes and exclusion zone

16. Future Security Challenges / Issues • Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW) • Non combat military operations may include, disaster relief operations, UN operations (Chapter 6), nation building /reconstruction / support operations, security / law and order, evacuation, search and rescue, ordnance disposal, salvage, arson / accidental fire and humanitarian assistance and epidemic control

17. Future Security Challenges / Issues • Role of Media • Media through focus on violence can negatively contribute to conflict escalation and distort the public's perceptions of the situation • Where it can accrue, if managed adroitly, numerous advantages, it can be an effective propaganda tool in the hands of terrorists which they will use for both tactical and strategic gains

18. Moot Points • What is the concept or our understanding of Global War on Terror? • Lack of agreement on a definition of terrorism • Divergence in political aims • No single country is capable of fighting global terrorism single handedly • Mutual trust and understanding of each others capacities/capabilities and limitations

19. Curriculum • Formulation of National Asymmetric War / Low Intensity Conflict (LIC) Strategy • Military Doctrine on LIC • Determination of clear threat • Doctrine may incorporate the following:- • Concept of low intensity conflict • The threat perception/assessment • Role of various law enforcing agencies • Role of Military and its various arms and services • Training • Logistics • Legal aspects

20. Curriculum • Psychological aspects • Understanding and objective evaluation of environment • Intelligence • Media management

21. Curriculum • Leadership doctrines to develop junior leaders for operations under highly decentralized environment • Impact of technology on future operations • Joint planning and interoperability • Complete understanding of the nature of conflict • Art of negotiation

22. Curriculum • Legal matters • Interrogation/handling of information • Disaster Management; Planning / Organization and conduct of relief and rehabilitation operations • Impact of information and cyber warfare • Seminars, exercises and dialogues at ARF level to intermittently exchange views and share experiences

23. Training Curriculum for Junior Military Leaders • A thorough understanding of the background of the conflict • Hostage rescue techniques and drills • Cordon and search • Counter mobility • Checking of various documents • Small combat team training capable of independent, rapid and decisive engagement and adapting quickly to prevalent condition

24. Training Curriculum for Junior Military Leaders • Psychological operations and public relations • Art of negotiations and persuasion • Interrogation • Manipulation of military measures including civic actions • Handling of information • Media handling

25. Training of Individual Solider • Build superb physical stamina and endurance • Expertise in handling a variety of weapons • Sniping/sharp shooting to pick up targets in population centers • Handling of global positioning system, night vision devices • To be able to act independently, in absence of comprehensive orders or breakdown in communication

26. Training of Individual Solider • Initiative, mental mobility and quick reflexes • Adaptability to local conditions and ability to blend with the populace • Knowledge about modus operandi, strategy and weaknesses of the terrorists/insurgents • Technique of fighting in Built Up Areas • Techniques of movement both mounted and dismounted, including efficient driving

27. Training of Individual Solider • Handling of explosive • Emplaning, deplaning and repelling • Know-how about martial arts • Survival under conditions of stress and strain • A very high degree of motivation, esprit de corps and devotion to the cause • Ability to operate with minimum logistics • Expertise in night navigation and specialized operations • Awareness of human rights, sensitivities and social ethics of the area of operation

28. Conclusion