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Mastering Lists in Python: Lesson Guide

Learn about the list data structure in Python, how to create, slice, modify, and use lists effectively. Discover methods like join and split for string manipulation with lists. Practice with nested lists and useful list operations.

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Mastering Lists in Python: Lesson Guide

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  1. Day 4 – Lesson 14Lists Python Mini-Course University of Oklahoma Department of Psychology Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  2. Lesson objectives • Describe the characteristics of the list data structure in Python • Perform basic operations with lists including creation, concatenation, repetition, slicing, and traversing • Use string methods that require lists (join, split) • Use lists in functions Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  3. The list data structure • In Python, a list is a mutable sequence of values • Each value in the list is an element or item • Elements can be any Python data type • Lists can mix data types • Elements can be nested lists Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  4. Creating lists numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4] print numbers cheeses = ['swiss', 'cheddar', 'ricotta', 'gouda'] print cheeses Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  5. Creating lists mixed = [1, 'a', 3.45] print mixed single = ['z'] print single, type(single) empty = [] print empty Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  6. Repeating a list • Use the * operator: meat = ['spam']*4 print meat print [1, 2, 3]*3 Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  7. List indexing • Elements within a list are indexed (see Lesson 10) print cheeses[0] • Lists are mutable cheeses[0] = 'Feta' print cheeses Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  8. Slicing a list • Like strings and other sequences, lists can be sliced print cheeses[1:4] print cheeses[:2] print cheeses[2:] Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  9. Changing a slice roster = ['Meghan', 'Tricia', 'Juan', 'Alton', 'Darrel', 'Jen'] print roster roster[1:3] = ['Sam', 'Kerri'] print roster roster[3:5] = ['Tayla'] print roster Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  10. Inserting elements • Slice notation roster[2:2] = ['Dana', 'Ryan'] print roster Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  11. Deleting elements • Set slice to empty list roster[3:5] = [] print roster • The del keyword del roster[2:3] print roster Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  12. The insert and append methods • The insert method roster.insert(2,'Jakob') print roster • The append method roster.append('Tonya') print roster Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  13. The extend method • Adds a list to the end of an existing list adds = ['Ian', 'Stacie'] roster.extend(adds) print roster Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  14. Extending a list • Can also use += operator roster += ['Anya'] print roster Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  15. Using the + operator a = [1, 2, 3] b = [4, 5, 6] c = a + b print a, b, c *The + operator returns a new list that is a concatenation of two lists Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  16. Note on list operations • Be careful when using the + operator and append method • Try this: d = c + 7 • Or this c.append(b) print c Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  17. List assignment and aliasing a = [1, 2, 3, 4] b = a c = a[:] a[2] = 9 print a, b, c *The slice operator returns a copy of a list Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  18. Other list methods roster.sort() print roster roster.reverse() print roster Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  19. Other list methods print roster.index('Tonya') print roster.index('Tonya', 2, 5) print roster.count('Sam') roster.remove('Sam') print roster Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  20. The join string method • Concatenates a sequence of strings into a single string with sep inserted between each item. • Syntax: sep.join(list) Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  21. The split string method • Returns a list of words from a string using sep as the delimiter string • Syntax: sep.split(list) Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  22. Example: join_split.py t = ['pining', 'for', 'the', 'fjords'] delimiter = '_' s = delimiter.join(t) print s u = s.split(delimiter) print u Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  23. Example print ''.join(t) print ' '.join(t) print '\t'.join(t) Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  24. Traversing a list for index in range(len(roster)): print roster[index] for student in roster: print student for index, student in enumerate(roster): print index, student Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  25. Traversing a list • What does this do? empty = [] for x in empty: print x Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  26. Nested lists nested = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]] print nested print nested[0] print nested[0][1] Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  27. Traversing nested lists for i in range(len(nested)): for j in range(len(nested[i])): print nested[i][j] Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  28. Traversing nested lists for nest in nested: for item in nest: print item Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  29. Using lists: cumulate.py def cumulate(seq): c_sum = 0 for item in seq: c_sum += item return c_sum a = [12, 78, 32, 82] s = cumulate(a) print s Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  30. Returning lists from functions:only_upper.py def only_upper(t): res = [] for s in t: if s.isupper(): res.append(s) return res text = 'Bold cOlOrs Make for Easy Reading' secret = only_upper(text) print secret Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  31. Modifying lists in functions • In Python, arguments are passed by reference • The parameter in the function is an alias for the argument that was passed in • If a mutable object is changed inside the function, it is also changed outside the function Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  32. Example: byref.py def change(seq): print 'Passed in: ' + str(seq) seq.append('new item') print 'Changed to: ' + str(seq) original = [1, 2, 3] print original change(original) print original Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  33. Example: byref2.py def change(seq): print 'Passed in: ' + str(seq) seq.append('new item') print 'Changed to: ' + str(seq) new_seq = ['created','in','function'] print 'New seq: ' + str(new_seq) original = [1, 2, 3] new_seq = ['outside','the','function'] print original change(original) print original print new_seq Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

  34. Suggested exercises • Exercise 10.5 – Solving the "Birthday Paradox" by a Monte Carlo simulation • Exercise 10.6 – Removing duplicates from a list • Exercise 10.8 – Bisection search Python Mini-Course: Day 4 – Lesson 14

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