論文寫作與實務 ( 二 ) Academic Writing and Presentation (II)

1. 論文寫作與實務 (二)Academic Writing and Presentation (II) In science the credit (and money) goes to the man who convinces the world, not to the man to whom the idea first occurs.

2. Communication is critical Conferences Lectures Meetings Posters Reports Articles Proposals Web Pages The hallmark of any successful scientific article or talk isclarity.

3. Class rules! • No notebook, PDA or anything unrelated to the class on your table (except for the statistical classes). • Please turn your cell phone off or to vibrate. • Please sign in for each class.

4. Syllabus

5. For 3/11 class….. • Prepare 1 slide and a 2 minute talk. • Make your own slide (data slide is preferred) • We’ll record and review your presentation. • No need to be a complete story. • We’ll record everyone’s talk • Please review yourself or with your advisor For 5/6 proposal talk

6. Grading • 12 min presentation of research proposal (45%). • A ~10 pages of research proposal (45%). • Class attendance and performance (10%). 口頭報告 研究計畫

7. Important days Proposal presentation 5 月 6 日 (Abstract due 4 月 29 日) Written proposal deadline 6 月 17 日 5:30pm

8. Title and Abstracts (1 page maximum) • BothChinese and English titles and abstracts are required • 250 words maximum • Must include: background, question/hypothesis, specific aims significance. name &lab 中文標題 摘要 English title Abstract

9. 口頭報告 報告時間：每位學生報告12-15分鐘，提問5-8分鐘 報告結果：分三類 一「通過」 二「條件式通過」-必須補考，請於98年6月底前，由指導教授選三位（含指導教授）老師進行補考。 三「不通過」-see you next year 報告形式：博班生一律以英文報告，碩班生中英文皆可。

10. What need to be included in your talk? • What are your question • Background and question • How are you going to do it • Specific aims and experiment design • Why is your study important • Significance

11. Organization of your talk • Need includes: background, question/ hypothesis, specific aims, experiment design and significance. • Great talk: “It seemed so logical!” • Construct your talk as if the next slide was the most logical thing in the world. • Do not assume that your audience will put pieces together.

12. Possible logic flow Background Questions Hypothesis Preliminary Results Significance Specific Aims ExperimentalDesign Expected Results

13. Logical Flow: How to Set It Up • Background - “Here’s what we know” • Protein X has a PDZ domain • Other proteins bind to protein Y through PDZ domain • Question/Hypothesis – “Here’s what we don’t know” • X bind to Y through PDZ domain • Specific Aims - “So, we decided to ask…” • Aim1: To determine if X bind to Y? • Aim2: To determine if binding depend on the PDZ domain? • Significance – “Why it is important?” • Interrupting X binding to Y may prevent cancer

14. Background • Briefly summarize the existing knowledge related to your research • Identify the gaps which the project is intended to fill. • Keep it short! Save extra information as back up slides. • Don’t just make a list of papers, organize them into table or figure.

15. Question and Hypothesis • This is the most important slide!! • State your question and hypothesis clearly • Can I say my research question in 1-2 sentence? • Use schematic figures or diagrams to help reviewers understand your thinking.

16. Examples for overview figure for hypothesis

17. Specific aims • The steps you need to answer your question. • Usually 2-4 specific aims/proposal • What are the experiments you plan to take? • No need to describe all details in your talk, but be prepared when we ask you. • Expect result • What if you cannot get expect result?

18. Specific aims – Experiments needed to answer the question Subaim 1a Experiment 1 Experiment 2 Subaim 1b Specific aim 1 logic Specific aim 2 Subaim 1n Hypothesis Specific aim n

19. When you divide specific aims, all the pieces should be of the same pie

20. Research Design & Anticipated Results • Briefly describe ALL experiments needed to test this hypothesis • A schematic diagram will help the reviewers to understand complicate experimental design • Why good results will be expected

21. Tips on proposal presentation • State your question, hypothesis, and specific aims clearly • What is your question • Why is your study important • How are you going to do it • Focus and concise !!!!! Say only what is necessary to say • Make sure your adviser approve it • Practice, practice, practice…….

22. How many slides? • Rule of thumb: Use 1 slide/minute • 10 min talk: 9-11 slides • 30 min talk: 25-30 slides • 50 min talk: 40-50 slides • Don’t race through slides. • Don’t speak a long time with wrong slide. • Data slide should be on screen for >60 seconds.

23. Slides for this presentation • No more than 15 slides (including title, ending, and transition slides) • ~2-4 slides on background and question • 1 slide on hypothesis (most important) • ~1-2 slides for preliminary data • ~3-5 on specific aims and significance • Backup slides – as many as possible

24. General recommendations for slides • No more than 8-12 lines of text; ~ 8-10 words/line. • Use short phrases to state key points. • Good contrast • Large enough to see (for every details) • Size of the room • Size of audience

25. Make sure the color contrast is high

26. Make sure your data stand up

27. How to Talk • Not a conversation, but an oration • No hurry! 12 min is enough to explain many things • Audience hearing it for first time • Audience reading your slides • Audience have different background • Audience can’t focus all the time

28. How to Improve • Practice. • Check timing and typos. • Don’t look like you’re seeing the slides for the first time. • Practice again. • Make sure your advisor hear the whole talk at least once • Practice in front of friends. • Ask for honest feedback • We want you to graduate within 2-3 years, please convince us you can do it!!

29. Something about your writing…. • 4 major problems: • Where citations should be? • Abstractcopy and paste several sentence from article • Abbreviations • Give me a story, not list of papers Mutations of APP, presenilin 1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2), all of which were involved in APP proteolytic processing, contribute to early-onset familial AD (Selkoe, 2001).

30. Abstract Do not use the exactly the same sentence in abstract and text, especially the first sentence of your proposal

32. Abbreviation • Make sure you explain them when first time mentioned (even in the title or abstract) • Try to use <5 abbreviation • No : We’ll, it’s……

33. Give me a story, not list of papers Funnel approach Checklist approach Known Unknown question

34. No need for detailed history of your field 猝睡症與下視丘分泌素有關。下視丘分泌素的接受器產生變異，或分泌素的缺乏，會導致猝睡症的發生(Siegel et al., 2001)。然而目前…

35. Tell a story, not just list of papers

37. Lost of power position in this paragraph

38. Beginning of the paragraph is the most easy to read position main idea Rats have managed to survive all our efforts to destroy them through the centuries . We have poisonedthem andtrappedthem. We have fumigated, flooded, andburned them. We have tried germ warfare. Some rats even survived atomic bombtests conducted on Entwetok atoll in the Pacific after World War II. In spite of all our efforts, these enemies of ours continue to prove that they are the most indestructible of pests. concluding sentence

39. Don’t just past your PowerPoint slide into your proposal

40. Label your figure clearly