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Daily Current Affairs 5 july, 2024 (1)

daily current affairs

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Daily Current Affairs 5 july, 2024 (1)

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  1. DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS July5,2024 AGRICULTURE(MAINS) Climate-Resilient Farming Context ●CRA reduces hunger and poverty in the face of climate change for forthcoming The Union government has planned to generations. introduce a framework to promote ●The practice of climate-resilient climate-resilient agriculture in 50,000 agriculture sustains agricultural villages located in climatically- production from the local to the global vulnerable districts. level in a sustainable manner. About 4 R’s of Sustainability What is Climate Resilient Agriculture? ●Reduce: Elimination of waste and ●Climate-resilient agriculture (CRA) is reduction of levels of consumption an approach that includes sustainably ●Reuse: Use of a material or equipment using existing natural resources again and again up to the maximum level through crop and livestock production ●Recycle: Recycle of waste systems. ●Rethink: Stop and think about how will ●It aims to achieve long-term higher your decisions impact the environment. productivity and farm incomes under climate variability.

  2. Principles used in Sustainable Farming ●Solar Panels can be used to power electric fences and wind turbines can be ●Conservation of Water used to capture energy. Running rivers ●Promotion of Biodiversity of Local Plant also provide a source of hydroelectric and Animal life power. ●Reduction of Agricultural Waste and ●The government of India provides Solar Runoff Pumps under the PM-Kusum Yojana to ●Promotion of Soil Health and Fertility farmers. ●Carbon Capture to Fight Climate Natural Pest Management Change ●Promotion of Energy-Efficient Steps ●It is also termed integrated pest ●Decrease in Greenhouse Gas Emissions management. This technique of farming ●Creation of Habitats for Beneficial avoids artificial and chemical pesticides Insect Species and Pollinators and allows natural predators to control Sustainable Farming Practices pest populations. ●Birds such as Sparrows, lizards and insects can all play a role in keeping pests at bay. Hydroponics and Aquaponics Farming Technique ●These are two innovative farming techniques which can change the way Renewable Energy Sources crops are grown by removing the need for soil. ●Sustainable farming emphasizes the use ●Hydroponics Technique: In this of renewable resources of energy such as technique, nutrients are directly wind and solar energy.

  3. ●Pest Control: This farming practice also provided to the plant through the water that the roots are grown in. plays a role in pest control. Since certain ●In hydroponics farming systems, root pests are attracted to certain plants, systems are placed directly in a changing plants alternatively prevents specialized mineral solution, or pest populations from growing too fast sometimes they are grown in gravel. The or getting out of control. nutrients which are needed by the plant Polycultures are added to the irrigation water. ●Aquaponics Technique: Aquaponics ●Polycultures refers to growing multiple combines raising aquatic animals with crops which complement each other in the growing of hydroponic crops. the same field. ●The water from the animal waste which ●By growing multiple varieties farmers contains nutrientsis used to nourish the can better utilize available resources. plants. Then the same water is recycled This agriculture technique improves back into the system to be used once resilience and promotes soil health. again by the fish. Permaculture Crop Rotation ●Permaculture is a deliberate system of ●Crop rotation is an important aspect of growing perennial crops such as fruit organic farming and has serious trees, nut trees and shrubs. sustainability benefits. ●This technique aims to build a local ●It is the practice of growing different ecosystem that mimics the way these crops in each season, with the new crops species would be found in the wild. being used to replenish the nutrients ●Permaculture aims to reduce waste, the previous crops used. This practice reduce inputs and maximize growing has been practised by humans for efficiency and crop yields. thousands of years. Biodynamic Farming

  4. ●Biodynamic Farming is the practice of indoor hydroponic farms and even raising livestock alongside plants and warehouse farms where food can be crops. The system manages the farm as produced on huge scales. one intertwined system where the needs Agroforestry of each species support the other. ●It promotes soil health and resilience, as ●Agroforestry is the practice of planting they mimic the way plants and animals trees and shrubs amongst crops, to create exist naturally. a favourable microclimate that maintains ●It emphasizes the importance of favourable temperature and soil reducing the use of off-site inputs such humidity. as importing soil fertility by generating ●At the same time, it protects the crops the necessary health and soil fertility from wind or heavy rain. Trees play an for food production onsite. important role in his type of farming ●This is achieved through the practice. implementation of practices such as ●They stabilize soils, minimize nutrient composting, application of animal runoff and improve soil structure thus manure from farmed animals, cover sustainably increasing the soil’s cropping or rotating complementary productivity. crops. Mulching Urban Agriculture ●The practice of mulching involves the ●The practice of urban agriculture has covering of the top layer of soil by exploded in recent years, with organic wastes. It aims to reduce the advancements in farming practices growth of weeds and conserve soil. making at-home agriculture more ●It forms a natural weed suppressant accessible than ever before. which can eliminate the need for ●It involves various practices such as herbicides and the most stubborn weeds. rooftop gardens, community gardens,

  5. ●Wood chips, straw or grass clippings ●Both abiotic stress-tolerant varieties and which are used as mulch also improve biotic stress-tolerant varieties have been nutrient retention in soils and encourage produced by the ICAR. ●The framework may include measures the activity of soil microorganisms. ●It helps to create a healthy aerated soil such as promoting less water-intensive structure and reduces the need for tillage crops, conserving water sources in the as soils are less compacted. respective areas and monitoring fertilizer inputs. Current Step by Government to Introduce Sustainable Agriculture Conclusion Framework The Indian Agriculture sector is currently evolving rapidly with various government ●Central Government aims to promote initiatives and changing climate. Climate climate-resilient agriculture in 50,000 change has led to adoption of the Climate villages located in climatically- Resilient Agriculture. It has changed the vulnerable districts. rhythm of the monsoon coupled with longer ●It is part of a national programme on periods of dry spells and uneven distribution climate-resilient agriculture. The of rainfall across the country. India must government plans to promote climate- move forward rapidly to check the menace of resilient crop varieties in these 50,000 climate change by adopting climate-resilient villages spread across 310 districts. agriculture. It will help India to achieve ●Among these districts, Uttar Pradesh Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) accounted for the most districts (48), such as No Hunger (SDG 2), Sustainable followed by Rajasthan (27). Consumption and Production (SDG 12) and ●Climate-resilient crop Varieties which Climate Action (SDG 13). have been produced by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research will be Source: The Indian Express, The Hindu, introduced in these villages. Down to Earth.

  6. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION (PRELIMS) Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Context Tajikistan ●Reasons for its Formation: The Recently, EAM Jaishankar attended the emergence of Extremist Religious Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Groups after math of collapse of the Summit held in Astana capital of former Soviet Union and its division into Kazakhstan. 15 countries led to Ethnic Tensions in About SCO the region. The group was created for cooperation on security matters. ●SCO was established on June 15, 2001, consisting of the members of Shanghai Five and the induction of Uzbekistan as a sixth member. ●Current Membership: It has ten members such as India, Iran, Kazakhstan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and newly inducted Belarus. ●Origin: The Shanghai Cooperation ●Observer States: Afghanistan and Organization was initially called Mongolia hold Observer Status in the “Shanghai Five”. It was formed in 1996. organization. ●Founding Members: The founding members of the organization are China,

  7. Significance of SCO Asian Security SCO deals with security issues of Asian members. Russia and China have stressed its position as an alternative to a “Western” international order. Against the USA’s Influence, The Shanghai Cooperation Organization along with the BRICS grouping with members such as India, South Africa and Brazil is seen positioning against US influence in Asia. Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) SCOs act as RATs and assist members in the preparation and staging of counter-terrorism exercises, analyse key intelligence information coming in from the member states, and share information on terrorist movements and drug trafficking.

  8. QUESTIONS 1)It aims to fight terrorism and ethnic violence in the region 1.Discuss the Various Techniques which are used in Sustainable Farming 2)It is the extension of Shanghai Five. Practices. 3)India was one of the founding members of the organization. 2.Consider the following statements with respect to Sustainable Which of the following statements is/are Correct? Agriculture; 1)The Approach consists of sustainably a.One Only using existing natural resources through crop and livestock production systems. b.Two Only 2)The approach uses the 4 R’s of c.All Three Sustainability. d.None 3)Integrated Pest Management and Answer: B Hydroponics are techniques used in Sustainable Agriculture Practices. Which of the following statements is/are Correct? a.One Only b.Two Only c.All Three d.None Answer: C 3.Consider the following statements with respect to the Shanghai Cooperation Organization:

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