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23-07-2024

daily current affairs

avadhojha
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23-07-2024

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  1. DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS July 23, 2024 ‘ Art and Culture (Prelims) 46th Session of the World Heritage Committee (WHC) About the Committee Context India is hosting the 46th Session of the ●The World Heritage Committee meets World Heritage Committee (WHC) in annually. The Committee is responsible New Delhi. for managing all matters on World About Heritage sites. The 46th Session of the World Heritage ●It also decides on those sites which are Committee was inaugurated at Bharat to be inscribed on the UNESCO World Mandapam in New Delhi. The event has been Heritage List. attended by 800 delegates from over 100 ●New Entrant: This year Assam’s countries. Charaideo Maidam has been inscribed ●It is the first time, India has been hosting on the UNESCO World Heritage List. a session of the World Heritage Committee (WHC). Assam’s Charaideo Maidam

  2. ●The Maidams which are found in the artsmen and masons of Assam of the Charaideo district of Assam were the medieval era. ●It is the first entrant in the UNESCO burial mounds of Kings and Queens of the Ahom Dynasty. These are World Heritage List in ‘Cultural comparable to the pyramids of Egypt. Category’ from North-East India. ●These are specimens of the brilliant Source: The Hindu, The Indian Express, architecture and expertise of the Assam Chronicle Science and Technology (Prelims) Amoebic Meningoencephalitis the infection. It is the first such guideline Context for the disease in any state of India. Recently, five adolescents in Kerala have Amoebic Meningoencephalitis been diagnosed with Amoebic Meningoencephalitis, leading to the Causative Organisms publication of a health advisory by the ●It is a parasitic disease caused by two state. types of Amoeba. These are Naegleria fowleri and Vermamoeba Vermiformis. About Both of these organisms are free-living ●In last three months, Kerala has witnessed amoeba found in the human five cases of Amoebic environment. Meningoencephalitis out of which three ●Naegleria fowleri, a microscopic people have died. amoeba is the main causative organism. ●The Health Department of Kerala has It is commonly called a “Brain-Eating come out with technical guidelines on the Amoeba.” prevention, diagnosis and treatment of

  3. ●These free-living amoebae are found in Symptoms freshwater, lakes, and rivers (never in The symptoms of Primary amoebic seawater). Meningoencephalitis (PAM) are similar to bacterial meningitis. Headache, fever, Body Organ Targeted nausea, and vomiting are the most common ●Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis presenting signs and symptoms. (PAM) is a rare disease. But it is lethal to the central nervous system. The amoeba SOP to be followed after Infection causes infection leading to rapid fatality. Early Detection ●The amoeba enters through the nasal ●The patients having a history of nasal channels and then it destroys brain tissues. exposure to fresh water during the last It results in severe brain swelling and 14 days before the detection of death in most cases. symptoms are advised to go for Cerebro- ●The diagnosis of the disease carries a high Spinal Fluid (CSF) Specimen rapid mortality rate of greater than 97%. testing for N. fowleri/FLA. ●Historically, only 11 survivors have ●Those patients who were thought to be survived the infection of PAM according infected by bacterial meningitis and are to several literatures of medicine. not responding to antibiotics should be Seasonal Phenomenon considered as infected by PAM. ●This Amoebic Meningoencephalitis Precautionary Measures occurs more often during the warmer ●Doctors have advised us to avoid diving months of the year and in warmer and jumping into stagnant water. climates. ●Use of nose plugs is advised for ●People who have been affected by the unavoidable exposures; parasite have a history of swimming, ●Swimmers are advised to keep their diving, bathing, or playing in warm and heads above water when swimming in stagnant freshwater.

  4. ●People are advised only to use filtered, or freshwater, hot springs, and other untreated thermal bodies of water. sterile water for nasal or sinus irrigation. ●They are also advised to avoid digging ●Daily emptying of wading pools, or stirring up the sediment when chlorination and proper maintenance of participating in water-related activities. swimming pools/water theme parks and spas are advised. General Measures Source: The Hindu Economy (Mains) State of Patent Registrations in India ●However, the foreign entities remained Context ahead of the Indian patent applicant in A report on Indian Patents showcased terms of final clearance of the patents that Indian patent applicants have with two-thirds of the overall outpaced foreign entities in FY24, but applications being cleared. foreigners dominate final patent Analysis of the Patent Market at a glance clearances. ●According to the data released by Controller General of Patents, Designs About & TradeMarks (CGPDTM), global IT majors such as Qualcomm Inc., Samsung ●Indian patent applicants have first time Electronic, Huawei Technologies and outpaced foreign applicants in fiscal Apple have taken top spots in patent year 2024 in the Indian patent sector. clearances and have edged out Indian ●There are increasing numbers of patents companies. from India in the fields of chemicals, pharma, computer science and information technology.

  5. ●70 per cent of the final patent clearances The reason behind the Rise in Foreign in India have been awarded to foreign Patents ●The rise in foreign patents in India has entities. ●Inefficient R&D Ecosystem: The failure been attributed to India’s decision to join of Indian entities to get the patent cleared the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) and showcases the poor state of India’s the Paris Convention for the Protection domestic R&D capabilities. Although of Industrial Property. Both are the source Indian entities had submitted too many of 90 per cent of the patents filed by patent applications they could only secure foreign entities. ●MNCs are targeting India as it is a big 30% of the total patents. ●Lack of Investment in R&D: The poor market for expansion and joining PCT state of patent clearance also showcases India has given them easy access. weak private investments and stagnant State of R&D in India government spending. It has caused the India's R&D investment as a percentage of Indian manufacturing sector to depend on GDP stands at 0.64 per cent, compared to imported machinery, parts, and foreign China (2.41 per cent), the US (3.47 per cent), technicians to fulfil export orders. and Israel (5.71 per cent). Dominance in the Global Market Conclusion ●According to the World Intellectual India is the fifth largest economy in the world Property Organization (WIPO), the as per gross domestic product (GDP) data countries with high spending on R&D had after the US, China, Germany and Japan. It a lower share of foreign patent approvals. further aims to become the third-largest ●The share was as low as 22.98 per cent for economy in the next 5 years. The rising number of domestic patents in India is a good Japan and 26.61 per cent for the Republic of Korea. Japanese and Korean sign for India as it indicates towards products also hold a dominant position in increasing R&D ecosystem in the country. smartphone and automobile sales in India India must increase both public as well as and the world. Hence, the R&D ecosystem private investment in R&D to fuel its rapid in India needs a thrust to make its presence growth and domestic economy. globally recognized. Source: The Hindu

  6. QUESTION 2) Inhaling sea water through the nose can also cause this disease. 3) The amoeba causing this disease is also called ‘Brain-Eating Amoeba’. Which of the following statements 1. Consider the following statements with reference to Assam’s Charaideo Maidam; 1) These Maidams have been inscribed is/are Correct? on the UNESCO World Heritage List recently. A. One Only B. Two Only C. All Three D. None Answer: B 3. Consider the following statements 2) These are burial mounds belonging to Ahom Kings and Queens. 3) These mounds are similar to the pyramids of Egypt. with respect to Indian Patent Sector in Which of the following statements FY-2024: is/are Correct? 1) Indian Patent Applicants for the first time have outpaced the Foreign Patents Applicant in India’s Patent Market. 2) 70% of the Indian domestic patents got approval this year. 3) India is the world’s largest investor in its R&D sector as a percentage of GDP. Which of the following statements is/are Correct? A. One Only A. One Only B. Two Only C. All Three D. None Answer: C 2. Consider the following statements with respect to Amoebic B. Two Only Meningoencephalitis: C. All Three 1) This disease is caused by free-living amoebae found in freshwater, lakes, and rivers. D. None Answer: A

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