Bifurcations & XPPAUT - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Bifurcations & XPPAUT

• Why to study the phase space?
• Bifurcations / AUTO
• Morris-Lecar

Exact solution:

N

t

K/2

K

K

y

x

• When do we understand a dynamical system?
• Is an analytical solution better?
• Often no analytical solution to nonlinear systems.

• Find the fixed points in the phase space!
• Linearize the system about the fixed points!
• Determine the eigenvalues of the Jacobian.

• Romeo loves Juliet. The more Juliet loves him the more he wants her:
• Juliet is a fickle lover. The more Romeo loves her, the more she wants to run away.

J

R

Study with AUTO (see later) the forcast for lovers governed by the general linear system:

Consider combinations of different types of lovers, e.g.

• The “eager beaver” (a>0,b>0), who gets excited by Juliet’s love and is spurred by his own affectionate feelings.
• The “cautious lover” (a<0,b>0). Can he find true love with an eager beaver?
• What about two identical cautious lovers?

We begin with the classic Lotka-Volterra model of competion between two species competing for the same (limited) food supply.

• Each species would grow to its carrying capacity in the absence of the other. (Assume logistic growth!)
• Rabbits have a legendary ability to reproduce, so we should assign them a higher intrinsic growth rate.
• When rabbits and sheep encounter each other, trouble starts. Sometimes the rabbit gets to eat but more usually the sheep nudges the rabbit aside. We assume that these conflicts occur at a rate proportional to the size of each population and reduce the growth rate for each species (more severely for the rabbits!).

Principle of Competitive Exclusion:

Two species competing for the same limited resource typically cannot coexist.

Study the phase space of the Rabbit vs. Sheep problem for different parameter. Try to compute the bifurcation diagram (see later in this lecture!) with respect to some parameter.

Prototypical example:

Synchronisation of Fireflies

Synchronised Fireflies

Suppose is the phase of the firefly‘s flashing.

is the instant when the flash is emitted.

is its eigen-frequency.

If the stimulus with frequency is ahead in the cycle, then we assume that the firefly speeds up. Conversely, the firefly slows down if it‘s flashing is too early. A simple model is:

Synchronised Fireflies II

The equation

can be simplyfied by introducing relative phases:

Which yields:

Introducing and

We obtain the non-dimensionalised equation:

Prototypical example:

Prototypical example:

Prototypical example:

AUTO

Repeat the Bifurcation analysis for all prototypical cases mentioned above!

• Analyse the QIF model with Auto.
• Perform the bifurcation analysis for the Morris-Lecar system.
• Perform a phase space/bifurcation analysis for the Fitzhugh-Nagumo system.
• Perform a phase space/bifurcation analysis for the Hodgkin-Huxley system.
• Use the manual for XPPaut 5.41 and try out some of the examples given in there.

• Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos, Strogatz
• Understanding Nonlinear Dynamics, Kaplan & Glass
• Simulating, Analysing, and Animating Dynamical Systems, Ermentrout
• Dynamical Systems in Neuroscience, Izhikevich
• Mathematik der Selbstorganisation, Jetschke